Goats P2 Part 2

Philippine weather

choose goat breed adaptable to the —

climate

how the animal will thrive in the condition

choosing a foundation stock considerations

physical, reproductive , productive

three criteria in choosing goat with reproductive performances

enlarged clitoris

hypothrophic vulva

intersex

examine the doe for abnormalities

hypothrophic vulva

adhesions

fistulas

8 months

breeding occurs at around — months

20 kilos

breeding occurs at least — kilos

2 services

minimum of — for new does

19-24 days

monitor — after mating for signs of heat

nannies mating cycle

always record the — so one could prepare for kidding

breeding nannies/does

Attributes to consider for — :

Good leg conformity

Well-formed udders with good attachment

High average daily gain (AVG)

High milk production

Reason for pregnancy failure

Poor quality of the billy semen

Abnormal ovum

Miss timing of mating

Hormone imbalance

Malnutrition

High ambient temperature

ObesityStress and injury

Infectious agent of the genital tract

Cryptorchidism

common and heritable

Testicular degeneration

common cause of fertility loss in older bucks

8 months

the buck should be at the age of — when being used

25 kg - 50 kg

weight requirement is at — as the bucks ages

body condition and overall size

always consider the — of the bucks

masculinity

show — , exhibit adequate muscling

head

should be masculine with abroad, strong muzzle and horns set far apart enough to not rap or break legs of other goats

neck

should smoothly flow into wide, smooth shoulders

body

should exhibit a masculine profilewith a heavier chest and forebody.

legs

should have good —

testicle

must have two large, wellformed, functional, equal-sized testesin a single scrotum

circumference

Sperm production is related to — of the testicles. Moresemen is produced by bucks with greater scrotal circumference

25 cm or 10 inches

mature bucks at least —

young bucks

equal size and large for day of age

when to cull a buck

Abnormal testicles:

single testicle

testicles too small

diseased testes

excessive split in scrotum

teat

The — structure of the buck should also be reviewed

heat detection and/or hormonalsynchronization

Proper — of the estrous cycle is essential.

Ovulation

— does occur toward the end of standingestrus; therefore, insemination must occur aroundthis time to be effective.

methods of insemination in goats

1.Vaginal (pericervical deposition)

2.cervical (intracervical deposition)

3.Transcervical or laparoscopic intrauterineinsemination - for frozen semen sample

pericervical deposition

vaginal

intracervical depositon

cervical

Transcervical or laparoscopic intrauterine insemination

for frozen semen sample

advantages of AI

1.Allows goats of superior quality to proliferate

2.Increases the chance of reproduction for old billies

3.Removes the need for large billies

4.More hygienic and will conform with bio security

5.Reduces the cost of having billies in differentfarms

disadvantages of AI

1.Highly technical - needs train personnel to do theprocedure

2.Processing cost can be high

3.Needs careful planning and breeding records tobe successful

4.If AI is done wrongly it will facilitate the spread forvenereal disease

5.Cost of proper cold chain and storage of semen

145-155 days (average 150 days)

length of gestation and kidding

first kidding

one or two kids

subsequent kiddings

triplets and quadruplets

good mothering ability

capability to care and raise kids successfully

lickingimmediately

cleaning their kids by — after kids are born.

bleat

Does — from time to time to communicate and get the kids’ attention.

nearby

Keep their kids — and protect them from other animals in theherd.

nourish

— their kids

1 week ; parturition

Separate the female from the rest of the herd — before expecting —

breeding records

Always keep correct — to promote predicting of parturition

clean and sanitize

Always — the area before putting the pregnant doe in thearea

bedding and lighting

Always provide proper — when parturition arrives

signs of approaching kidding

1.Enlarged udders and teats 2 months before kidding

2.Does become nervous

3.She appears with a very hollow on bothside

4.Slight mucus discharge will appear a fewdays before birth

2 months

Enlarged udders and teats — before kidding

nervous

does become —

hollow

She appears with a very — on both side

mucus

Slight — discharge will appear a few days before birth

colustrum

Allow the kid to suckle — it acts both a laxative and internal antiseptic (this will ensure meconium removal)

laxative and internal antiseptic

Allow the kid to suckle colustrum it acts both a — (this will ensure meconium removal)

meconium

Allow the kid to suckle colustrum it acts both a laxative and internal antiseptic (this will ensure — removal)

hours

check the does udder after a few —

force;full

— the kid to suckle if udder is —

weaner and grower management

1.Separate billy weanling from susceptibleand young does to prevent in breeding

2.Allocate a different paddock forweanlings

3.Allow the 6-8 months old does to run withthe breeding herd

4.Culling of excess billies can be done

5.Allow non breed mature female does to run with bucks

billy weanling ; does

Separate — from susceptible and young — to prevent in breeding

paddock

Allocate a different — for weanlings

6—8 months old

Allow the — old does to run with the breeding herd

billies

Culling of excess — can be done

non breed mature female does

Allow — to run with bucks

care of dairy does

1.Minimize stress as much aspossible

2.Trim hair and maintain udder hygiene as much as possible

3.Separate bucks from milking herd to avoid milk taint

stress

Minimize — as much aspossible

hair ; udder

Trim — and maintain — hygiene as much as possible

bucks ; milk taint

Separate — from milking herd to avoid —

factors affecting the nutritional requirements

Maintenance

Growth

Pregnancy

Lactation

Fiber production

Activity

Environment

maintenance

— requirements increase asthe animals’ activity level increases

environment

Goat require more feed to maintainbody heat in cold and severe weather

colostrum

first milk produced after birth

colostrum

high content of immunoglobulins (antibodies),vitamin A, minerals, fat and other sources ofenergy

antibodies

are proteins which help the goat kidfight diseases.

first ; 6 hours

colostrum must be ingested within the — hour after birth, and certainly within the first —

newborn kids

ingest 10% of their body weight inthe first 12 to 24 hours of life

shrubs and tree leaves

goats prefer

pasture, forbs, browse

the primary and most economical source ofnutrients

fattening stocks

Supplement with grower stocks with concentrate mixture 1month before selling the animals

breeding stocks

Feeding concentrates 1 month before lambing until does bred again

doe kids needed for replacement

grazed with their mothers during as much of the milking period as possible and not weaned early.

1-2 years of age

After weaning, doe kids should be separated from the main herd and have access to high quality forage and receive goodnutrition through first kidding at —

flushing

Increasing the level of feed offered to breeding does, mostly energy, starting about one month prior to breeding, to increase body weight, ovulation rate and litter size

flushing

Accomplished by moving breeding does to a lush nutritious pasture 3 to 4 weeks prior to the introduction of the bucks

corn

grain of choice for flushing

Trace mineralized salt containing selenium

— should be given to allgoats year around.

free choice year- around

A complete goat mineral should be offered — in most production situations.

browsing

abundant supply should be made available to allowgoats to be very selective and to ingest a high quality diet thatwill meet their nutritional requirements.