Vibrio, Aeromonas, Campylobacter and Campylobacter-Like Species Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and characteristics related to Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter species, which are important in understanding their pathogenic roles and laboratory identification.

What are the main clinical manifestations of Vibrio cholerae infection?

Cholera generates profuse, watery diarrhea leading to dehydration, hypotension, and possibly death.

What is the mode of transmission for Vibrio species?

Fecal-oral route via ingestion of contaminated water or seafood.

What is the key distinguishing characteristic of Vibrio species?

They are curved, comma-shaped, gram-negative rods, facultatively anaerobic, and oxidase-positive.

Which species of Vibrio is primarily associated with cholera?

Vibrio cholerae.

How can you detect the cholera toxin in stool samples?

Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or latex agglutination test.

What type of agar is used to culture Vibrio species?

Thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar.

What is the incubation period for Vibrio cholerae infection?

1 to 4 days.

Which V. cholerae serogroups are associated with epidemics and pandemics?

V. cholerae O1 and O139.

What is the characteristic stool appearance in cholera?

Rice-water stools.

What kind of infections can Aeromonas species cause?

Gastroenteritis, septicemia, wound infections, and other extraintestinal infections.

Which type of environment do Aeromonas species thrive in?

Freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments.

What is the optimal growth temperature for Aeromonas spp.?

Around 37°C.

How is Campylobacter jejuni typically transmitted to humans?

Contaminated food, milk, or water.

What are the potential post-infection complications of Campylobacter jejuni?

Reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

What is the significance of the Kanagawa phenomenon in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

It indicates the production of a heat-stable hemolysin that can lyse human erythrocytes.

What are the main virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae?

Cholera toxin (CT), zonula occludens toxin (Zot), and toxin coregulated pili (TCP).

Which species is responsible for a rare but dangerous infection and is characterized by a sweet smell cased by pigment production?

Chromobacterium violaceum.

What is required for the growth of Plesiomonas shigelloides?

It grows at 37°C and is the only member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that is oxidase-positive.

What is Vibrio cholerae known for?

It is known for causing cholera, which leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration.

How can cholera morbidity be prevented?

By ensuring access to clean drinking water, proper sanitation and hygiene practices.

What is the treatment for cholera?

The primary treatment is rehydration therapy, along with antibiotics in severe cases.

What role does the cholera toxin play in infection?

The cholera toxin disrupts the normal salt and water transport in the intestines, causing massive fluid loss.

What food sources are commonly associated with Vibrio infections?

Contaminated seafood, particularly raw or undercooked shellfish

What are the main clinical manifestations of Vibrio cholerae infection?

Cholera generates profuse, watery diarrhea leading to dehydration, hypotension, and possibly death.

What is the mode of transmission for Vibrio species?

Fecal-oral route via ingestion of contaminated water or seafood.

What is the incubation period for Vibrio cholerae infection?

1 to 4 days.

What is the characteristic stool appearance in cholera?

Rice-water stools.

Which V. cholerae serogroups are associated with epidemics and pandemics?

V. cholerae O1 and O139.

What are the main clinical manifestations of Vibrio cholerae infection?

Cholera generates profuse, watery diarrhea leading to dehydration, hypotension, and possibly death.

What is the mode of transmission for Vibrio species?

Fecal-oral route via ingestion of contaminated water or seafood.

What is the key distinguishing characteristic of Vibrio species?

They are curved, comma-shaped, gram-negative rods, facultatively anaerobic, and oxidase-positive.

Which species of Vibrio is primarily associated with cholera?

Vibrio cholerae.

How can you detect the cholera toxin in stool samples?

Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or latex agglutination test.

What are the main virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae?

Cholera toxin (CT), zonula occludens toxin (Zot), and toxin coregulated pili (TCP).

What kind of infections can Aeromonas species cause?

Gastroenteritis, septicemia, wound infections, and other extraintestinal infections.

Which type of environment do Aeromonas species thrive in?

Freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments.

What is the optimal growth temperature for Aeromonas spp.?

Around 37°C.

How is Campylobacter jejuni typically transmitted to humans?

Contaminated food, milk, or water.

What are the main virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae?

Cholera toxin (CT), zonula occludens toxin (Zot), and toxin coregulated pili (TCP).

What kind of infections can Aeromonas species cause?

Gastroenteritis, septicemia, wound infections, and other extraintestinal infections.

Which type of environment do Aeromonas species thrive in?

Freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments.

What is the optimal growth temperature for Aeromonas spp.?

Around 37°C.

How is Campylobacter jejuni typically transmitted to humans?

Contaminated food, milk, or water.

What is the significance of the Kanagawa phenomenon in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

It indicates the production of a heat-stable hemolysin that can lyse human erythrocytes.

Which species is responsible for a rare but dangerous infection and is characterized by a sweet smell caused by pigment production?

Chromobacterium violaceum.

What is required for the growth of Plesiomonas shigelloides?

It grows at 37°C and is the only member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that is oxidase-positive.

What is the characteristic stool appearance in cholera?

Rice-water stools.

What is the primary treatment for cholera?

Rehydration therapy, along with antibiotics in

What is the significance of the Kanagawa phenomenon in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

It indicates the production of a heat-stable hemolysin that can lyse human erythrocytes.

Which species is responsible for a rare but dangerous infection and is characterized by a sweet smell caused by pigment production?

Chromobacterium violaceum.

What is required for the growth of Plesiomonas shigelloides?

It grows at 37°C and is the only member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that is oxidase-positive.

What is the characteristic stool appearance in cholera?

Rice-water stools.

What is the primary treatment for cholera?

Rehydration therapy, along with antibiotics in severe cases.

What is the significance of the Kanagawa phenomenon in Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

It indicates the production of a heat-stable hemolysin that can lyse human erythrocytes.

Which species is responsible for a rare but dangerous infection and is characterized by a sweet smell caused by pigment production?

Chromobacterium violaceum.

What is required for the growth of Plesiomonas shigelloides?

It grows at 37°C and is the only member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that is oxidase-positive.

What is the characteristic stool appearance in cholera?

Rice-water stools.

What is the primary treatment for cholera?

Rehydration therapy, along with antibiotics in severe cases.

What is Vibrio cholerae known for?

It is known for causing cholera, which leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration.

How can cholera morbidity be prevented?

By ensuring access to clean drinking water, proper sanitation and hygiene practices.

What is the treatment for cholera?

The primary treatment is rehydration therapy, along with antibiotics in severe cases.

What role does the cholera toxin play in infection?

The cholera toxin disrupts the normal salt and water transport in the intestines, causing massive fluid loss.

What food sources are commonly associated with Vibrio infections?

Contaminated seafood, particularly raw or undercooked shellfish.