DNA sequencing

What is DNA sequencing?

The process that determines the sequence of base pairs in a DNA fragment.

What is a chain terminating nucleotide?

A substance that cuts the DNA fragment into smaller segments.

What are the four different chain terminating nucleotides?

Adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.

What happens after DNA fragments are cut in sequencing?

They are loaded onto a sequencing gel.

What is electrophoresis?

A technique that uses an electric field to move charged DNA fragments through a gel.

What is the aim of the Human Genome Project?

To gain knowledge of how to treat genetic disorders.

What do restriction endonucleases do?

They are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.

What are 'sticky ends'?

Overhangs produced when a restriction enzyme cuts DNA between the same nucleotides.

What is DNA ligase?

An enzyme that repairs and joins sequences of DNA, often referred to as biological glue.

What is Taq DNA Polymerase?

An enzyme key to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) that produces DNA during replication.

What is transformation in molecular biology?

The process of incorporating DNA into the genome of a cell, resulting in altered DNA.