Forensic Photography: Camera Settings and Techniques (f/stop, Shutter Speed, ISO, DOF)

What is the purpose of the f/stop in photography?

To balance light and depth of field.

What does +1 stop mean in terms of light?

+1 stop = 2x amount of light.

What does -1 stop mean in terms of light?

-1 stop = ½ amount of light.

How is the f/stop value calculated?

f/stop = Focal length (mm) / Aperture diameter (mm).

What happens to the area of the aperture when the diameter increases by 2?

The area of the aperture doubles.

What is the Sunny Day Rule in photography?

Use the reciprocal value of the ISO for the shutter speed for correct exposure.

What factors affect depth of field (DOF)?

f/stop, focal length, and camera-to-subject distance.

How does focal length affect DOF?

Shorter focal lengths result in wider DOF.

What happens to DOF as you get closer to the subject?

DOF range decreases.

What is the handholding rule in photography?

Use a shutter speed that is the same or faster than the reciprocal of the focal length.

What is the role of shutter speed in photography?

It controls the amount of light entering the lens and motion capture.

What is ISO in photography?

ISO refers to the gain or amplification applied to the signal and noise in an image.

What is native ISO?

The range of values that does not apply digital manipulation and where the sensor performs optimally.

What is the goal regarding ISO in photography?

To keep ISO low and use base ISO whenever possible.

What is the relationship between SNR and ISO?

Lower ISO results in higher SNR, while higher ISO results in lower SNR.

What are dual-gain ISO cameras?

Cameras that optimize performance across a wider range of ISO settings.

What is the effect of using a higher ISO in low light?

It increases the signal but may introduce more noise.

What is the purpose of reciprocal exposures?

To adjust f/stop, shutter speed, and ISO values while maintaining correct exposure.

What is the general guideline for f/stops in forensic photography?

Use f/5.6 to f/22 and stay 2 stops away from the widest and narrowest apertures.

What is the effect of using a tripod on shutter speed?

It allows for longer shutter speeds without camera shake.

What is the importance of understanding your camera's capabilities?

It helps to achieve the best results in specific situations and conditions.

What can be used to eliminate rain and snow in photographs?

Slower shutter speeds and a tripod.

What is the effect of camera shake on photographs?

It can cause motion blur.

What is the relationship between aperture and exposure?

Wider apertures allow more light, affecting exposure settings.

What is the significance of the shutter speed chart?

It helps balance the amount of light entering the lens and motion.

What is the effect of using filters in photography?

They can help correct overexposure and enhance image quality.

What is the impact of environmental conditions on shutter speed?

Different conditions may require adjustments to shutter speed for proper exposure.