FHD - microbiology

contains FHD topics: introduction to microscopic anatomy, microscopic antomy: cell types and tissue, fundamentals of molecular cell biology

what are the four body tissue types

epithelial, muscular, connective, nervous

which two body tissue types can self renew

connective and epithelial

what are the four types of epithelial tissue

simple. stratified, pseudostratified, transitional

what are the three types of simple epithelial tissue

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

what is the appearance of squamous cells

flat appearance of cells

what are the functions of squamous cells

diffusion, filtration, secretion

what is the function of cuboidal cells

secretion and absorption

what is the appearance of cuboidal cells

cube like appearance

what is the function of columnar cells 

secretion and absorption 

what is the appearance of columnar cells 

cells have a rectangular appearance 

what are simple cells

cells that have a single layer

what are stratified cells

cells that have multiple layers

what are pseudostratified cells

cells that give the appearance of having multiple layers due to their arrangement

what are transitional cells

cells with a variable number of cell layers

what type of cell is a squamous cell

stratified

what is the function of squamous cells

protection against injury

what type of epithelial cell is ciliated

pseudostratified 

which type of epithelial cell allows for the stretching of linings

transitional

which type of epithelial cell allows for the propelling of mucous particles 

pseudostratified 

what are the three (overall) types of connective tissue

fibrous, specialized, fluid

what are the two types of fibrous connective tissue

loose connective tissue, and dense connective tissue

what are the four types of specialised connective tissue

compact bone, spongy bone, adipose tissue, fibrocartilage

what is the fluid connective tissue

blood

how many types of collagen are there 

five

what are the fibers like in type I collagen 

large fibers 

where is type I collagen found

skin, tendon, bones, ligaments

where is type II collagen found

in cartilage

what type of fibers are in type II collagen

small fibers

what are the fibers like in type III collagen

small fibers

where is type III collagen found

in blood vessels, parenchyma organs

what are parenchyma organs

solid organs

what is the structure of IV collagen

a sheet like layer

where is type IV collagen found 

in basement membranes 

what is the structure of type V collagen 

thin fibrils

where is type V collagen found

in basement membranes and smooth skeletal muscle

what are glands comprised of

epithelial cells

in exocrine glands what are secretions transported via

ducts

what is autophagy

degrading damaged or dysfunctional organelles and cellular components to help alleviate stress and retain cellular function

what carries out autophagy

lysosomes

when is autophagy non-selective

during starvation

what are melanosomes

specialized lysosomes that hold melanin pigments

how do melanosomes secrete pigment

via exocytosis

what is mitophagy

the removal of damaged mitochondria

when are Endolysosomes formed 

lysosomes fuse with entities that enter the cell via endocytosis