Industrial Revolution Innovations and Social Changes

Bessemer Process

process of making steel from iron ore

Steel vs Iron

it is more durable and it is cheaper to produce

Innovations in Chemistry

anti-pain medication, dynamite

Dynamite Inventor

Alfred Nobel

Impact of Electricity

people can see during nighttime; elongates working hours

Electricity Discoverer

Thomas Edison

Interchangeable Parts

the same product made of different materials; better quality vs lower quality; different price points for the same product

Assembly Line

more efficient way of production where each person contributes to one part of a product.

Advancements in Transportation

gas powered engine; automobiles, planes, boats

Advances in Communication

Telegraph, Telephone, Radio

Telephone Inventor

Alexander Graham Bell

Telegraph Inventor

Samuel Morse

Stocks/Shares

owning a part of a company

Corporation

businesses owned by multiple investors

Monopoly

a company that is the sole owner of a product; apple is the only technology store because they buy out every small company that has a similar product

Cartel

a company that owns every step of production; they get all of the money that goes into making, packaging, selling, and transporting an item.

Improvements in Medicine

people believe in germs, finding cures, vaccines, pasteurized milk

Improvements in Hospital Care

anesthesia, sanitary measures, anti-septic, sterilized tools, more successful surgeries but people still died of infection.

City Planning

planning how a city looks and its skyline; finding where everything should go in relation to other buildings

Improvements in Safety and Sanitation

street lamps, police and fire protection, sewage systems

Life in the Slums

tenement housing, homelessness, dirty, alcoholism spreads

Lure of City Life

excitement in entertainment, tourism, new forms of work

Labor Unions

groups that advocate for workers

Voting Rights

men only

Improved Standards of Living

wages went up, good healthcare, benefits with more money; But the middle/lower class gap is large

New Class Structure

Rich, Middle, Poor

Middle Class Values

strict social behavior; kids are seen not heard

Ideal Home and Family

Mom, Dad, Child, Dog; cookie cutter/white picket fence family

Temperance Movement

trying to ban alcohol; and by association abuse in the home

Suffrage

right to vote; worldwide issue for women

Women's Campaigns

to allow women in all job fields and get an education

Important Women Advocates

Sigourney Truth and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Improvements for Public Schools

teachers are trained, open for girls and boys, everyone goes to school no matter the social class

Higher Education Growth

universities expand; in the 1860's a few women were able to attend college

Modern Atomic Theory

each element has their own atomic make-up

Questioning Earth's Age

study of rocks, fossils, and early humans; there was no conclusion

Charles Darwin's Belief

natural selection or survival of the fittest

Natural Selection as Excuse

racism; Darwin says that one race is better fit for life than the others

Romanticism

expressing yourself in different ways; imaginative, unrealistic

Beethoven

German composer; created instrumental music

Goal of Realism

to capture real life in a painting

Charles Dickens

he wrote stories about the realistic life of the poor and norms of society

Impressionism

long visible brush strokes, no harsh lines of color or blending; paintings of nature or the realistic life of people; Claude Monet

Post-Impressionism

small invisible brush strokes, definite shapes, blending; Vincent Van Gogh