chapter 14 the behavior of gases vocabulary

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

Charles’ Law

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant.

Graham’s Law of Effusion

The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Partial pressure

The contribution each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure of that mixture.

Compressibility

A measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure.

Boyle’s Law

For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of gas varies inversely with pressure.

Diffusion

The tendency of molecules to move towards areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout.

Combined Gas Law

P₁ x V₁ / T₁ = P₂ x V₂ / T₂

Effusion

The escape of a gas through a tiny hole in a container of gas.

Ideal gas constant (R)

• 0.0821 L-atm/K-mol

• 8.31 L-kPa/K-mol

• 62.4 L-mmHg/K-mol