Chem-Topic 2-seperating substances

What is the purpose of filtration in separating substances?

Filtration is used to separate insoluble solids from a solution.

What is the residue in the filtration process?

The insoluble solid that is trapped in the filter paper.

What is the filtrate in the context of filtration?

The solution that passes through the filter paper and drips into the conical flask.

What are the two methods of filtration?

Gravity filtration and vacuum filtration.

How does gravity filtration operate?

It uses gravity to pull the filtrate through the filter paper.

What is the Buchner funnel used for in vacuum filtration?

It is a funnel attached to a pump that creates reduced pressure to pull the filtrate through.

What is crystallisation used for?

To separate a soluble solid (solute) from a solvent.

What is the first step in the crystallisation process?

An evaporating basin is heated until the volume of the solution decreases by half.

What happens to the solvent during crystallisation?

The solvent evaporates into the atmosphere, leaving the solute behind.

What is the result of the crystallisation process?

Diamond shaped crystals of the solute are left in the evaporating dish.

What is the principle behind distillation?

Distillation separates mixtures of liquids based on their different boiling points.

What is the role of the Liebig condenser in distillation?

It cools the gas back to a liquid so it can be collected.

What is the outcome of the distillation process?

One liquid is separated from another, remaining in the starting flask.

What is chromatography used for?

To separate mixtures of soluble substances, usually colored substances.

How does the solvent work in chromatography?

It dissolves the substances and allows them to move through special paper.

What pattern is commonly observed in chromatography?

Lighter colors are more soluble and travel further, while darker colors are less soluble and travel shorter distances.