C9

1.

Membership in the Islamic community known as the umma was based on a common

A)

territory

B)

belief

C)

language

D)

tribe

b.) belief

2.

Which of the following is true of pre-Islamic Arabia?

A)

Arabia had no contact with the long-distance trade networks of Eurasia.

B)

The Arabian Peninsula enjoyed long periods of peace under the Bedouins.

C)

Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians lived among the established Arab populations.

D)

A centralized state had ruled over Arabia since the fourth century.

Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians lived among the established Arab populations.

3.

What initiated the division within Islam between the Sunnis and Shias?

A)

Fear that Muslims in conquered lands were abandoning Islamic teachings

B)

The imam Ali's new revelation and elaboration of the teachings of Islam

C)

The belief that Husayn, the son of Ali, was the real messiah

D)

Disagreement over who should assume leadership in the Islamic world

Disagreement over who should assume leadership in the Islamic world

4.

Which of the following was the most thoroughly Islamized region in the period from 600 to 1500?

A)

Anatolia

B)

West Africa

C)

India

D)

Southeast Asia

Anatolia

5.

Which of the following contributed to the rapid expansion of the Islamic/Arab Empire in the century following the death of Muhammad?

A)

The weakness of the Byzantine and Persian empires

B)

A smooth succession of caliphs selected by election

C)

The violent campaigns against Christians and Jews

D)

The uniting of all Arabs behind Muhammad's relative Ali

The weakness of the Byzantine and Persian empires

6.

Which of the following religious traditions blended elements of Hinduism and Islam?

A)

Sunni Islam

B)

Shia Islam

C)

Sikhism

D)

Sufism

Sikhism

7.

Which of the following statements expresses a view of women found in the Quran?

A)

Women were to remain veiled and secluded.

B)

Women were to blame for the evil in the world.

C)

Women were spiritually equal to men.

D)

Women were socially equal to men.

Women were spiritually equal to men.

8.

In contrast to the Umayyad dynasty, the caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty

A)

were not challenged by the forces of local autonomy.

B)

allowed non-Arabs to play a prominent role in society.

C)

did not identify themselves as Arabs.

D)

rejected Persian cultural influence.

allowed non-Arabs to play a prominent role in society.

9.) Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Sufism?

A)

Rejection of the idea that one can have direct or personal contact with Allah

B)

The pursuit of an interior life in order to attain spiritual union with Allah

C)

An exclusively male movement with no place for women

D)

A trend toward secularism, materialism, and republicanism

The Pursuit of an interior life in order to attain spiritual union with Allah

10.

Which of the following was a force that helped bind the Islamic world together?

A)

The expulsion of all nonbelievers from Islamic territories

B)

The successful suppression of competing religious orders

C)

Political leadership over the Islamic world by Arab caliphs

D)

The system of Islamic education created by the ulama

The system of Islamic education created by the ulama

11.

Which of the following was a feature of Islam that ran counter to Hinduism in India?

A)

The religious inclusivity of Islam

B)

The notion of equality of all believers

C)

The eroticism of Islamic art

D)

The secular values of the Quran

The notion of equality of all believers

12.

Sufi practitioners facilitated the conversion to Islam of people living in Anatolia and India by

A)

promoting the enforcement of the sharia by local Islamic rulers.

B)

emphasizing personal experience of the divine rather than the law.

C)

initiating campaigns to close Christian and Hindu schools.

D)

freeing large numbers of slaves who agreed to convert.

emphasizing personal experience of the divine rather than the law.

13.

In which region was conversion to Islam motivated by a desire to expand trading networks rather than from the result of conquest and Islamic rule?

A)

India

B)

Anatolia

C)

West Africa

D)

Spain

West Africa

14.

Which of the following was a result of the cross-regional ties created in the expanding Islamic world?

A)

The disappearance of the Silk Roads as trade shifted to the Mediterranean

B)

The exchange of agricultural products and practices from one region to another

C)

The emergence of new systems of slave labor based on plantation crops

D)

The emphasis on secularism, democracy, and reason in politics and education

The exchange of agricultural products and practices from one region to another

15.

Which of the following refers to the pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims should try to make at least once in their lifetime?

A)

Hijra

B)

Umma

C)

Jihad

D)

Hajj

Hajj

16.

The Arab Empire that accompanied the spread of Islam stretched from

A)

Spain to India.

B)

Russia to Australia.

C)

the Andes to the Himalayas.

D)

the Gulf of Mexico to the Red Sea.

Spain to India.

17.

Why was the city of Mecca important?

A)

Jews, Christians, and Muslims all regarded it as the Holy Land.

B)

It was the birthplace of Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad.

C)

It was the meeting point for all the major long-distance trade routes.

D)

It was the site of the Kaaba, where pilgrims congregated.

It was the site of the Kaaba, where pilgrims congregated.

18.

Which of the following is a requirement for all Muslims?

A)

Confession

B)

Almsgiving

C)

Baptism

D)

Meditation

Almsgiving

19.

Which of the following events marked the beginning of the new Islamic calendar?

A)

Muhammad's birth

B)

Muhammad's realization that he was Allah's messenger

C)

Muhammad's emigration to Yathrib/Medina

D)

Muhammad's conquest of Mecca

Muhammad's emigration to Yathrib/Medina

20.

Which of the following contributed to the mass conversion of people living in the Middle East to Islam by the eighth century?

A)

Conversion to Islam offered many financial and social benefits.

B)

Subjects were forced to convert to Islam upon penalty of death.

C)

Those who refused to convert to Islam were sold into slavery.

D)

No religious tradition in the Middle East competed with Islam.

Conversion to Islam offered many financial and social benefits.

21.

Which of the following describes the effect of Islam on West Africa?

A)

Merchants rejected Islam because of its hostility toward trade.

B)

Islam had the greatest influence on rulers and urban elites.

C)

Farmers comprised the majority of converts to Islam.

D)

The Arabic language was used by both Muslims and non-Muslims.

Islam had the greatest influence on rulers and urban elites.

22.

Which of the following resulted from Muslim rule in Spain?

A)

The harmony and tolerance of Muslim Spain was used as a model for Christian Europe.

B)

Islam became Christianized even as all of Europe came under the rule of Muslim rulers.

C)

A new hybrid religion developed that blended elements of Christianity and Islam.

D)

The secular aspects of Islamic learning influenced the shaping of new European civilization.

The secular aspects of Islamic learning influenced the shaping of new European civilization.

23.

Which of the following is an example of a role assumed by the ulama?

A)

Ruler

B)

Warrior

C)

Judge

D)

Doctor

Judge

24.

Which of the following was a goal of the education offered at the madrassas?

A)

To preserve an established body of Islamic learning

B)

To prepare young men and women for military service

C)

To revise the Quran to make it relevant for contemporary society

D)

To train young scholars in logic, reason, and the laws of nature

To preserve an established body of Islamic learning

25.

Which of the following refers to the sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad?

A)

The Quraysh

B)

The "Islamic Green Revolution"

C)

The Pillars of Islam

D)

The hadiths

The hadiths

26.

Which of the following was an Arab innovation?

A)

Papermaking

B)

Rockets

C)

Numerical notation

D)

Algebra

Algebra

27.

Islam had roots in which set of religious or philosophical traditions?

A)

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism

B)

Legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism

C)

Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism

D)

Sufism, Sikhism, and Greek rationalism

Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism

28.

Which of the following aspects of Arab tribal life was reinforced in the Quran?

A)

Solidarity

B)

Hierarchy

C)

Pursuit of wealth

D)

Independence

Solidarity

29.

In contrast to the spread of Buddhism and Christianity, the early spread of Islam

A)

occurred at a much slower pace.

B)

gave rise to a large empire.

C)

was limited to the immediate vicinity of its birthplace.

D)

was checked by older civilizations that surrounded it.

gave rise to a large empire.

30.

Map 9.3 in the textbook shows that different parts of the Islamic world were connected through

A)

madrassas.

B)

language.

C)

ethnicity.

D)

trade.

trade.