Retrospective Databases and Real-World Evidence in Healthcare

Retrospective Databases

Databases analyzing past data for research purposes.

Real-world Evidence

Data collected from real-world settings, not controlled trials.

National Health Surveys

Surveys collecting health data from the US population.

Patient Registries

Systematic data collection about individuals with specific conditions.

Long-term Outcomes

Results measured over extended periods after treatment.

Electronic Medical Records

Digital records of patient health information and care.

Insurance Claims Records

Data used for reimbursement from healthcare providers.

National Health Interview Survey

Survey assessing health status and access to care.

Surveillance for Rare Events

Monitoring infrequent health occurrences or diseases.

Healthcare Cost & Utilization Project

Database analyzing healthcare costs and usage patterns.

Advantages of Registries

Evaluate care without comparators, capturing long-term outcomes.

Disadvantages of Registries

May lack random allocation and require open-label studies.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Survey assessing health and nutritional status in the US.

Pharmacy Student Research

Utilizing national surveys for academic pharmaceutical studies.

HRQoL Data

Health-related quality of life metrics collected in surveys.

Sensitivity Analyses

Reanalyzing data under varying criteria for robustness.

Selection Bias

Systematic error due to non-random participant selection.

Miscoding/Upcoding

Incorrect coding of medical diagnoses or procedures.

Lag Time

Delay between data collection and availability for analysis.

Formulary Restrictions

Limitations on medications prescribed versus filled.

Generalizability

Applicability of study findings to broader populations.

Inclusion Criteria

Requirements for participant eligibility in a study.

Exclusion Criteria

Conditions that disqualify potential participants from a study.

ICD Codes

International Classification of Diseases codes for diagnoses.

CPT Codes

Current Procedural Terminology codes for medical procedures.

National Cancer Institute

Agency collecting cancer incidence and survival data.

NIH Global Rare Diseases Registry

Repository for data on rare disease patients.