Reconstruction and Jim Crow

Institutionalized Racism

legal racism supported by local and/or state law

13th Amendment

Abolishes and prohibits slavery

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

Reconstruction

rebuilding of the South after the Civil War

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

organization that promotes hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic and religious groups

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Ways to limit new rights

Literacy test, poll taxes, grandfather clause

Plessy vs. Ferguson

(1896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt) provide that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Redeemer Governments

White Democrats, many of them planters or businessmen, who reclaimed control of the South following the end of Reconstruction

individual racism

personal prejudiced beliefs and discriminatory actions based on race

Freedman Bureau 1865

After Civil War/Reconstructions created by the radical republicans to help newly freed slaves both African American and white refugees transition to a free society with food, clothing, reuniting with their families, health care, and education.

Anti-miscegenation

the prohibition of interracial marriage, cohabitation, or sexual interaction

Poll Taxes

required citizens of a state to pay a special tax in order to vote

Grandfather Clause

allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

White Primaries

Primary elections open only to whites in the one-party South, where the only elections that mattered were the Democratic Party's primaries. It guaranteed who was in the election and who would win.

Literacy Tests

tests requiring reading or comprehension skills as a qualification for voting if you could not prove your educational level.

Who was Jim Crow

A black character in an entertainer's act