Study Guide for World War I, the Roaring Twenties, and the Great Depression

Flashcards focusing on important vocabulary and concepts related to World War I, the Roaring Twenties, and the Great Depression.

Allied Powers

The alliance of countries during World War I that included nations like the United States, Britain, France, and Russia.

Central Powers

The alliance during World War I primarily consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

U-boat

German submarines used in World War I to disrupt Allied shipping.

Zimmerman Note

A secret diplomatic communication from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the U.S. during World War I.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Laws passed during World War I that restricted freedom of speech and allowed for the prosecution of anti-war activists.

Propaganda

Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view, especially during wartime.

Reparations

Compensations imposed during the Treaty of Versailles on Germany for the damages caused by World War I.

Scopes Trial

A 1925 legal case in which a teacher was prosecuted for violating state law by teaching evolution.

Selective Service Act

The Act that established the draft for military service in the U.S. during World War I.

Liberty Bonds

Government bonds sold to American citizens to fund military operations during World War I.

Schenck v. U.S.

A Supreme Court case that upheld the Espionage Act, ruling that free speech could be restricted during wartime.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s centered in Harlem, New York, highlighting African American writers, artists, and musicians.

24th Amendment

The amendment that abolished the poll tax in federal elections.

Overspeculation

An excessive investment in stocks or other assets that leads to a speculative bubble.

Rugged Individualism

A belief in personal responsibility and self-reliance, often associated with Herbert Hoover.

21st Amendment

The amendment that repealed Prohibition in the United States.

Stock Market Crash

The sudden and rapid decline of stock prices in 1929 that led to the Great Depression.

Dust Bowl

A period of severe dust storms in the 1930s exacerbated by drought in the Great Plains.

New Deal

A series of programs and policies designed to promote economic recovery during the Great Depression.

Social Security

A government program created in the 1930s to provide financial assistance to the elderly and disabled.

Welfare State

A government that assumes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens by providing social services.

First Hundred Days

The first three months of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, during which he enacted a significant amount of legislation.

Court Packing Scheme

Franklin D. Roosevelt's controversial proposal to increase the number of Supreme Court Justices.

Charles Lindbergh

A famous aviator who became a national hero after his solo transatlantic flight in 1927.

Langston Hughes

An influential leader of the Harlem Renaissance known for his poetry and writings on the African American experience.

Frances Perkins

The first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet, served as Secretary of Labor under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Al Capone

A notorious gangster in Chicago during the Prohibition era, known for bootlegging and organized crime.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns that emerged during the Great Depression, named after President Herbert Hoover.

Flapper

A fashionable young woman in the 1920s who challenged traditional norms of behavior.

Consumer Economy

An economic system based on the consumption of goods and services by individuals.

Bonus Army

A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C. in 1932 demanding payment of their service bonuses.

Victory Garden

A home vegetable garden created to supplement food supplies during wartime.

Trench Warfare

A type of combat in which soldiers fought from deep trenches, characteristic of World War I.

Fourteen Points

President Woodrow Wilson's proposal for a peace settlement after World War I, emphasizing self-determination and the League of Nations.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

An act that raised tariffs on imported goods, contributing to an international trade crisis during the Great Depression.

Fireside Chats

Radio addresses by President Franklin D. Roosevelt aimed at communicating directly with the American people.

Charleston

A popular dance in the 1920s that was associated with the lively music of the era.