NUCLEIC ACID

What are the 2 types of nuclei acid?

DNA

RNA

What is a nuclei acid made from>

Large polymers formed from many nucleotides

What is an individual nucleotide made of?

PO4²- phosphate group

Inorganic

Acidic

Negatively charged

PENTOSE SUGAR (ribose etc)

Nitrogenous base which is an organic molecule with 1-2 carbon rings

What are nucleotides linked together by

Condensation reaction to form polynucleotides (polymer)

How is a phosphodiester bond formed

The phosphate group of 5th carbon of pentose sugar of one nucleotide forms a covalent bond with OH group of 3rd carbon of another pentode of an adjacent nucleotide

What does the phosphodiester bond form and how is it broken

The sugar phosphate backbone

Broken by hydrolysis releasing individual nucleotides

What does DNA stand for

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Te sugar is deoxyribose

How many nucleotides are there and what are they divided into

PYRIMIDINES - thymine and cytosine

smaller bases

PURIE - adenine and guanine

larger bases

What forms 2 hydrogen bonds and what forms 3

Thymine and adenine - 2 hydrogen bonds

Guanine and cytosine - 3 hydrogen bonds

PURINES PAIR WITH PYRAMIDINES

What forms the double helix

2 strands of polynucleotides coiled into a helix

What are the 2 strands held together by

Hydrogen bonds

What are the 2 strands called due to their position

ANTI PARALEL

Run in opposite directions

Each strand has what one what end

A phosphate group on one end

OH group on the other

Why is pairing important. In DNA

Allows DNA TO BE COPIED AND transcribed

What is so important about complementary based pairing

DNA always has equal amounts of adenine and thymine and equal amounts of cytosine and guanine

What is the strutcu`re of RNA

Nucleotides are penates suaar is ribose rather than deoxyribose (meaning it has one less oxygen)

Thymine is replaced with uracil which is a pyrimadine that forms 2 hydrogen bonds with adenine (base pairing still happens).

What happens after protein synthesis with RNA

RNA degrades into cytoplasm

Phosphodiester bonds are hydrolysed and RNA nucleotides ar released and reused