Urology

Urology

the study of urine and urinary system disorders

Anuria

without urine (an = without)

Polyuria

excessive urination

Nocturia

urination at night

Hematuria

blood in the urine

Incontinence

inability to hold urine

Jaundice

yellowing of skin/eyes from high bilirubin

Bilirubin

enzyme from the liver

Proteinuria

protein in urine

Pyelonephritis

kidney/pelvis inflammation

Pyuria

pus in urine

Diuretic

medication that removes fluid from the body

Dysuria

painful or difficult urination

Void

to urinate

Dialysis

process that removes toxins from blood

ESRD

end-stage renal disease

Clean Catch

sterile container; clean front to back; cannot exceed 100 mL; used for C&S (culture & sensitivity)

Midstream

clean genitals; void in toilet, then in container, then toilet again; used for urinalysis (UA)

Clean Catch Midstream

sterile container; midstream urine; used for UA and C&S

First Morning

first urine upon waking; used for HCG (pregnancy test)

24-Hour Urine

collected in amber jug; discard first sample, then collect all urine for 24 hrs; keep cold; used for special tests

Random (Drug Test)

urine container with temp strip (90-100°F); chain of custody; read within 4 minutes; seal sample with patient initials

Urinalysis (UA)

3 Steps: 1. Physical - observe color, clarity (clear, cloudy, turbid); 2. Chemical (Dipstick) - dip strip or use analyzer; tests include: LEU (Leukocytes) - infection if positive, NIT (Nitrates) - infection if positive, URO (Urobilinogen) - high = liver disease, pH - normal range 5.0-7.0, BLO (Blood) - abnormal, unless menstruating, SG (Specific Gravity) - high SG = dehydration, GLU (Glucose) - found when blood sugar is high; 3. Microscopic - detects crystals, cells, bacteria, yeast