health exam 2

what is morbidity?

presence of disease

what is compression of morbidity?

extend the healthspan

what does the medicine tend to focus on in the US?

treatment rather than prevention

what are three types of prevention undertaken before, during and after a disease strikes?

primary prevention (wearing sunscreen), secondary prevention (annual skin checks at the dermatologist), tertiary prevention (surgery to remove skin cancer).

what do most forms of prevention have in common?

failure to establish good health habits may increase health risks throughout life the importance of lifestyle choices and early intervention.

actions people take that can improve, maintain, or harm their health?

exercise, sleep, using sunscreen, drinking alcohol, smoking, taking prescriptions as directed, eating nutritious meals, using a seatbelt

what kind of impacts can health behavior on health?

positive or negative impacts, occur on a continuum, and may have shirt term, long term, and/or interactive effect

where do health behaviors/habits come from?

individual level factors (personal tendencies, biology/physiology), social factors (health habits are often learned— e.g., from parents, siblings, and others who model health behaviors), sociocultural and structural factors (e.g., culture, health education, type of healthcare system)

whats personality?

personality broadly refers to people’s consistent over time and across situations

is personality consistent over time and across situations?

yes

personality predicts real world outcomes such as?

work, relationships, and healths

what are the levels of personality?

traits, motives, goals, narratives, etc.

what is the most commonly used structure and assessment of personality traits?

the big five

openness to experience is what?

Curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas and experiences

conscientiousness is what?

Organized, self-controlled, punctual, industrious, dependable, responsible

what is agreeableness?

warm, kind, cooperative, sensitive, trusting

what is neuroticism?

anxious, irritable, moody, tense

people with high conscientiousness?

have lower levels of inflammation, engage in healthier behaviors (exercise, eating healthy), are at reduced risk for disease (e.g., alzheimer), live longer

what do people high in neuroticism exhibit more?

have higher levels of inflammation, do not engage in as many healthy behaviors, are more likely to engage in risk behaviors, are at increased risk for disease, do not live as long

what is the most robust association between personality and physical health include?

extraversion

what is less replicable associations with health?

extraversion

what is most often related to risky health behaviors, like binge drinking?

extraversion

what is most related to healthy behaviors?

like exercise

what are two types of well being?

hedonic and eudaimonic

what is hedonic?

feeling happy and high positive affect such as happiness, life satisfaction

what is eudaimonic?

feeling a sense of meaning, purpose, and fulfillment (e.g., psychological wellbeing, purpose, self actualization)

wellbeing is a cause and a consequence of?

physical health outcomes and longevity

people with higher hedonic wellbeing report better?

health, have fewer chronic health conditions, and live longer

people with greater sense of purpose tend to be more resilient to?

are more resilient to the brain pathology that causes dementia

what does wellbeing increase?

in sense of purpose across time are associated with less steep cognitive decline in older adulthood

what occurs when positive health behaviors are promoted?

people who are happier and feel more sense of purpose engage in health protective behaviors

people who are happier are able to feel more?

more sense of purpose are better able to promote and sustain beneficial social relationships and appraise events differently and have better immune, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine

what is the health belief model?

decisions about health behavior are based on four interacting factors that influence perceptions about health

what are the four interacting factors that influence perception about health threat?

• Perceived susceptibility to an illness: how susceptible are you to getting an illness? (exposure to the sun, family genes..)
  * more likely to protect yourself 

• Perceived severity of health threat: if you perceive its a threat, more likely to engage in a health behavior against it 

• Perceived benefits of (and barriers to) treatment: if you think exercise is going to benefit you, your more likely to do it (and vice versa)   

• Cues to action 

what does the theory of planned behavior state?

factors shape behavioral intentions and specifies relationships among attitudes and behaviors; attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control

what does the theory of planned behavior suggest?

suggest measuring behavioral intention is the best way to predict occurence of health behavior

what is theory of planned behavior most accurate in?

most accurate in predicting goal-oriented, rational behaviors