APUSH Parties/Reformers/Groups/Ideologies/Revolutions/Movements

Federalists

Pro-Constitution

George Washington, Ben Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton

For strong central government to preserve American Union

Emphasized weaknesses of Articles

No Bill of Rights

Anti-Federalists

Anti-Constitution

John Henry, Patrick Henry

Against strong central government that takes rights from states

Emphasized lack of Bill of Rights

Tradition of distrusting strong central government based on colonial experience

Poorly organized & slow to act

Democratic-Republicans

Jeffersonians

Supported by Jefferson and Hamilton

Strict construction

Pro-French

Small, peacetime Navy and Army

Agrarian society

Southern planters & western farmers

Federalists

Hamiltonians

Supported by Hamilton & John Adams

Loose construction, strong federal government

Pro-British

Large peacetime Army and Navy

Manufacturing society

New England businesses

War Hawks

Not afraid of war with England, new generation, nationalists, expansionists, hate England

Henry Clay, John Calhoun, Daniel Webster, Andrew Jackson

Kitchen Cabinet

Jackson brought friends to live in the White House and relied on them for advice

Industrial Revolution

1800-1850

A revolution in manufacturing and industry, including transportation, communication, and agriculture as a result of power driven machines

Industrial Revolution

Conditions: cash, dense population, natural resources, markets

Delay in USA: lack of capital, immigration, unrecognized materials

Who: Samuel Slater, Father of American factory system; Eli Whitney, cotton gin; Elias Howe, invented sewing machine; Isaac Singer, perfected sewing machine

Agricultural Revolution

Cyrus McCormick

John Deere

Transportation Revolution

Roads: Lancaster Turnpike & Cumberland Road

Rivers: Robert Fulton's Steamboat- Claremont

Canals: Erie Canal

Railroads: Baltimore and Ohio

Results: transcontinental economy

Communication Revolution

Telegraph: Samuel F.B. Morse

Trans-Atlantic Cable: Cyrus Field

Pony Express

Second Great Awakening

Protestant Revivalism

Methodists and Baptists growth

New Denominations- Adventists & Mormons

Education Reform in Second Great Awakening

Tax supported, universal manhood suffrage

Horace Mann- compulsory education

Noah Webster- dictionary

William McGuffey- literacy

Mary Lyon & Emma Willard- institutions of higher learning for women

Oberlin College- 1st coed

Journalism in Second Great Awakening

Mass production, affordability, increased literacy rates, more opinionated

Yellow journalism

Humanitarian Efforts in Second Great Awakening

Dorothea Dix- insane asylums

Temperance Movement

Neal Dowl- Father of Prohibition

Alcohol consumption is decreased

Gender roles in Second Great Awakening

Cult of Domesticity

Feminism in Second Great Awakening

Suffrage and equal rights

Women's rights Convention/Seneca Falls, NY

Wilderness Utopias

New Harmony, Indiana: Robert Owen, failed, no income, not religious

Brook Farm: intellectual experiment with advanced thinking

Oneida Colony: free love, birth control, steel traps

Shakers: opposed marriage

Painting in Second Great Awakening

Hudson River School- landscapes

Literature in Second Great Awakening

Transcendentalism

3 Revolutions of Ante-Bellum Era

Political: rise of common man/Age of Jackson

Economic: industry, transportation, communication

Social: Second Great Awakening

Gradualists/Reasonables

Gradually abolish slavery through legislation with compensation

Radicals/Militants

Abolish immediately

William Lloyd Garrison- the Liberator

Fredrick Douglass

Free Soil Party

Opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories

Second Industrial Revolution

Causes: immigration creates cheap labor, newly discovered raw materials and oil, new millionaire class emerged, invention explosion

National Labor Union

Skilled, unskilled, farmers

Arbitration and eight hour work day

Noble Order of the Knights of Labor

Unite all workers into single unit

Skilled, unskilled, women, blacks

8 hr work day, health and safety reform

Declined after Hay

American a Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers

Skilled craft unions

Better hours, working conditions, closed shops

Industrial Workers of the World

Marx ideal of class warfare

Migratory farm workers, copper miners, and dock workers

Eugenics Movement

Scientific belief

Study of races

Some races are superior to others

Social Gospel Movement

Applying Christian principles to urban problems- Christian responsibility

Exodusters

African Americans who moved west

Agricultural Revolution

The farm becomes a factory

Mechanization of agriculture

Machines and mass production

Agricultural Revolution Actions

Patrons of Husbandry/Granger Movement

Farmers Alliance

Greenback Labor Party

Populist Party

Progressive Movement

1897-1920

Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

Reform movement for the middle class that affected all regions of the country and all levels of government and both political parties

Social Welfare State- government has responsibility for people

Populists, socialists, feminists, ministers, muckrakers

Progressive reforms

More power to people

Gospel of Efficiency- city corruption and crime, state trusts, public utilities, railroads, and social problems

Control of Trusts & a Railroads

Social Justice- labor laws

Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal

Control of Corporations- trust busting, Elkins- outlawed rebates, Hepburn- made ICC more powerful

Consumer Protection- FDA

Conservation of Natural Resources- Newlands Act

Taft's Progressive Reforms

Trustbuster

Wilson's Progressive Reforms

Tariffs, banks, trusts, farm, labor

Federal Trade Commission

Economic and social reformer

True progressive reform

Most progressive amongst T. Roosevelt and Taft

Believed in all reform areas except civil rights

"New" Ku Klux Klan

Anti foreign nativist, anti Catholic, black, Jew, bootlegger, gambler, evolutionist, adulterer, birth control user, and diversity

Prohibition

1920-1933

18th amendment- turn power to regulate alcohol to congress

Volstead Act outlawed manufacturing, selling, possession, and consumption of alcohol

Wets vs. drys

The New Deal

Relief, Recovery, Reform

Financial Recovery and Reform Programs

Relief for the Unemployed

Recovery for industry, labor, farmers