MGMT 3000 Final Test

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168 Terms

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Four Functions of a Manager POLC
Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling
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What did Peter Drucker say about management?
Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right thing
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Leadership


The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals
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What are manager qualities focused on?
The organization
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Manager Qualities RASTOP


* Rational
* Maintains stability
* Assigns tasks
* Organizes
* Analyzes
* Position power
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What do leader qualities focus on?
Focus on people
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Leader Qualities VCPEIP


* Visionary
* Promotes change
* Defines purpose
* Empowers
* Innovates
* Personal power
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Contemporary Leadership


The concept of leadership evolves as the needs of organizations change
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What has leadership evolved due to? TELS


* Technology
* Economic conditions
* Labor conditions
* Social and cultural expectations
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Four Approaches for Today’s Turbulent Times SAI5


* Level 5 Leadership
* Servant Leadership
* Authentic leadership
* Interactive leadership
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Where does level 5 leadership come from?
Business bestseller Good to Great by Jim Collins
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2 Characteristics of a level 5 leader WH

1. Professional Will
2. Personal Humility
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Professional Will
Resolve to always continue
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Personal Humility
Accept responsibility for failures/success to other people
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5 Levels of Level 5 Leadership

1. Invididual
2. Team Member
3. Manager
4. Leader
5. Executive
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Level 1: Individual
Capable; contributes talent, skills, knowledge
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Level 2: Team Member
Contributing; contributes individually, works well in group
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Level 3: Manager
Competent; manages team members and assets to reach set objectives
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Level 4: Leader
Effective; Stimulates high standards, champions dedicated to vision
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Level 5: Executive
Builds excellence through dedication and humility
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Why did servant leadership become popular?
Became popular due to the moral decay of many modern leaders
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What is servant leadership based on?
The bible
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Servant Leadership
Leader assumes work exists for the development of the worker as much as the worker exists to do the work
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What does servant leadership transcend?
Transcends self-interest to serve others, the organization, and society
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What do servant leaders give away? PIIRCM
Power, ideas, information, recognition, credit, and money
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Authentic Leadership
A type of leadership style in which people act in a real, genuine, and sincere way that is true to who they are
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What do authentic leaders do by staying true to themselves?
They inspire trust and loyalty to their followers
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What are the three components of the definition of leadership?
People, Influence, Goals
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5 Components of Authentic Leadership PVCDL


* Pursues purpose with passion
* Practices solid values
* Connects with others
* Demonstrates self-discipline
* Leads with the heart as well as the head
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Interactive Leadership


Leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority
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What are leadership traits based on?
The Great Man Approach
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The Great Man Approach


Theory that history can be explained by the impact of *great men*, or heroes who are highly influential and unique and because of their natural abilities including excellent leadership skills have a divine inspiration and a major impact on history
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Traits
Distinguished personal characteristics of a leader
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(T/F) Leaders’ traits alone explain effective leadership
False; Leaders’ traits alone don’t explain effective leadership
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What should you focus on instead of traits?
Actual leader behavior
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Two-Leadership Behaviors

1. Task-Oriented Behavior
2. People-Oriented Behavior
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What two behviors did the Ohio State studies identify?

1. Consideration
2. Initiating Structure
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What is leadership style based on?
Based on a combination of consideration and initiating structure
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Findings of Ohio State Studies
There is no one style of leadership that is consistently more effective than another
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What did the Michigan studies compare?
Compared behavior of effective and ineffective supervisors
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What two types of leaders were identified in the Michigan studies?

1. Employee-Centered Leaders
2. Job-Centered Leaders
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Employee-Centered Leaders
More effective than Job-Centered Leaders; Display supportive behavior to subordinates
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Who is more effective, Employee-Centered Leaders or Job-Centered Leaders
Employee-Centered Leaders
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Job Centered Leaders
Less effective than Employee-Centered Leaders; Focus on meeting schedules, cost-management, and production efficiency
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What two sides were identified by the Michigan State Leadership Studies Continuum?

1. Left Side
2. Right Side
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Left Side
Job-Oriented leadership behavior
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Right Side
Employee-Oriented leadership
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Findings of Michigan State leadership studies continuum
Job satisfaction is high with employee-oriented leader
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Situational Model of Leadership
Looks at characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behavior
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(T/F) The situational Model of Leadership focuses on leaders rather than followers
False; Focuses on followers rather than leaders
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Willingness
Combination of confidence, commitment, and motivation
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Ability
Amount of subordinate's knowledge, experience, and demonstrated skill
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What will the effective leadership style depend on?
The effective leadership style will depend on the willingness and ability of followers
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Charismatic Leader
Articulates a clear, appealing vision, and provides inspirational motivation to stimulate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice
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What is the source of a charismatic leader’s impact?
Lofty Vision
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Lofty Vision CCUT


* Ideal future is credible yet not readily available
* Ability to communicate the vision
* Ability to understand and empathize
* Empowering and trusting subordinates
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Transactional Leaders
Individuals who clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates, initate structure, provide appropriate rewards, and display consideration for followers
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Transformational Leaders
Distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change by creating an inspiring  vision, shaping values, building relationships, and providing meaning for followers
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What does effective transformational leadership result in?
Effective transformational leadership results in performances that exceed organizational expectations
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The 4 I’s of Transformational Leaders

1. Idealized Influence
2. Inspirational Motivation
3. Intellectual Stimulation
4. Individual Consideration
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Idealized Influence
Describes leaders who are exceptional role models for followers and as a result leader's influence is trusted by followers
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Inspirational Motivation
Describes leaders who motivate followers to commit to the leader's vision and as a result followers have high motivation to reach the goals of the organization achieved through intrinsic motivation
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Intellectual Stimulation
Describes leaders who encourage innovation and creativity through challenging the normal beliefs or status quo
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Individual Consideration
Describes leaders who act as coaches and advisors to followers. Leader motivates followers to reach goals that benefit not only the organization by the follower as well
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What do the 4 I’s help transform followers into?
Four I's help transform followers into better, more productive and successful individuals
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Power
Ability to influence the behavior of others
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Influence
The effect that a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors of others
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Leadership
The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals
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What are the 3 types of position power? LRC

1. Legitimate Power
2. Reward Power
3. Coervice Power
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Legitimate Power
Power that comes from the formal position in an organization and the authority granted by that position
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Reward Power
Results from the authority to bestow rewards
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Coercive Power
Stems from the authority to punish or recommend punishment
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2 Types of Personal Power ER

1. Expert Power
2. Referent Power
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Expert Power
Power that results from special knowledge or skill
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Referent Power
Results from characteristics that comes from identification with respect and admiration for, and desire to emulate the leader
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Motivation
The forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of actions
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What is a managers job?
A managers job is to channel motivation toward the accomplishment of organizational goals
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Intrinsic Rewards
The internal satisfactions and positive feelings that a person receives in the process of performing a particular action
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Extrinsic Rewards
Something given by another person and includes promotions, praise, and pay increases
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Do effective managers want people to recieve intrinsic or extrinsic rewards?
Both
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Content Theory of Motivation
People have a variety of needs that motivate specific behaviors in an attempt to satisfy the need
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Content Theories
Emphasize the needs that motivate people
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4 Content Theories META

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
2. ERG Theory
3. Two Factor Theory
4. Acquired Needs Theory
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What 3 categories of needs does ERG Theory identify? ERG

1. Existence Needs
2. Relatedness Needs
3. Growth Needs
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Existence Needs
The needs for physical well being; physical, safety
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Relatedness Needs
The needs for satisfactory relationships with others; social
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Growth Needs
The needs for satisfactory relationships with others; Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Low to High) PSBES

1. Physiological Needs
2. Safety Needs
3. Belongingness Needs
4. Esteem Needs
5. Self-Actualization Needs
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Physiological Needs
Heart, air, base salary
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Safety Needs
Safe work, fringe benefits, job security
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Belongingness Needs
Work groups, coworkers, clients, supervisors
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Esteem Needs
Recognition, approval, high status
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Self-Actualization Needs
Opportunities for advancement, autonomy, growth
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Hertzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
There are two factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other
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(T/F) Job dissatisfaction is not the opposite of job satisfaction
True
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Hygiene Factors
Focus on lower-level needs and involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers. An increasing in hygiene factors causes a decrease in job dissatisfaction but can never increase job satisfaction
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Motivators
Influence job satisfaction based on fulfilling higher level needs
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Acquired Needs
Certain types of needs are acquired during the individual's lifetime
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3 Types of Acquired Needs AAP

1. Need for achievement
2. Need for Affiliation
3. Need for power
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Need for Achievement
The desire to accomplish something difficult; a trait of an entrepreneur