MGMT 3000 Final Test

Four Functions of a Manager POLC

Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling

What did Peter Drucker say about management?

Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right thing

Leadership

The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals

What are manager qualities focused on?

The organization

Manager Qualities RASTOP

• Rational

• Maintains stability

• Assigns tasks

• Organizes

• Analyzes

• Position power

What do leader qualities focus on?

Focus on people

Leader Qualities VCPEIP

• Visionary

• Promotes change

• Defines purpose

• Empowers

• Innovates

• Personal power

Contemporary Leadership

The concept of leadership evolves as the needs of organizations change

What has leadership evolved due to? TELS

• Technology

• Economic conditions

• Labor conditions

• Social and cultural expectations

Four Approaches for Today’s Turbulent Times SAI5

• Level 5 Leadership

• Servant Leadership

• Authentic leadership

• Interactive leadership

Where does level 5 leadership come from?

Business bestseller Good to Great by Jim Collins

2 Characteristics of a level 5 leader WH

1. Professional Will

2. Personal Humility

Professional Will

Resolve to always continue

Personal Humility

Accept responsibility for failures/success to other people

5 Levels of Level 5 Leadership

1. Invididual

2. Team Member

3. Manager

4. Leader

5. Executive

Level 1: Individual

Capable; contributes talent, skills, knowledge

Level 2: Team Member

Contributing; contributes individually, works well in group

Level 3: Manager

Competent; manages team members and assets to reach set objectives

Level 4: Leader

Effective; Stimulates high standards, champions dedicated to vision

Level 5: Executive

Builds excellence through dedication and humility

Why did servant leadership become popular?

Became popular due to the moral decay of many modern leaders

What is servant leadership based on?

The bible

Servant Leadership

Leader assumes work exists for the development of the worker as much as the worker exists to do the work

What does servant leadership transcend?

Transcends self-interest to serve others, the organization, and society

What do servant leaders give away? PIIRCM

Power, ideas, information, recognition, credit, and money

Authentic Leadership

A type of leadership style in which people act in a real, genuine, and sincere way that is true to who they are

What do authentic leaders do by staying true to themselves?

They inspire trust and loyalty to their followers

What are the three components of the definition of leadership?

People, Influence, Goals

5 Components of Authentic Leadership PVCDL

• Pursues purpose with passion

• Practices solid values

• Connects with others

• Demonstrates self-discipline

• Leads with the heart as well as the head

Interactive Leadership

Leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority

What are leadership traits based on?

The Great Man Approach

The Great Man Approach

Theory that history can be explained by the impact of *great men*, or heroes who are highly influential and unique and because of their natural abilities including excellent leadership skills have a divine inspiration and a major impact on history

Traits

Distinguished personal characteristics of a leader

(T/F) Leaders’ traits alone explain effective leadership

False; Leaders’ traits alone don’t explain effective leadership

What should you focus on instead of traits?

Actual leader behavior

Two-Leadership Behaviors

1. Task-Oriented Behavior

2. People-Oriented Behavior

What two behviors did the Ohio State studies identify?

1. Consideration

2. Initiating Structure

What is leadership style based on?

Based on a combination of consideration and initiating structure

Findings of Ohio State Studies

There is no one style of leadership that is consistently more effective than another

What did the Michigan studies compare?

Compared behavior of effective and ineffective supervisors

What two types of leaders were identified in the Michigan studies?

1. Employee-Centered Leaders

2. Job-Centered Leaders

Employee-Centered Leaders

More effective than Job-Centered Leaders; Display supportive behavior to subordinates

Who is more effective, Employee-Centered Leaders or Job-Centered Leaders

Employee-Centered Leaders

Job Centered Leaders

Less effective than Employee-Centered Leaders; Focus on meeting schedules, cost-management, and production efficiency

What two sides were identified by the Michigan State Leadership Studies Continuum?

1. Left Side

2. Right Side

Left Side

Job-Oriented leadership behavior

Right Side

Employee-Oriented leadership

Findings of Michigan State leadership studies continuum

Job satisfaction is high with employee-oriented leader

Situational Model of Leadership

Looks at characteristics of followers in determining appropriate leadership behavior

(T/F) The situational Model of Leadership focuses on leaders rather than followers

False; Focuses on followers rather than leaders

Willingness

Combination of confidence, commitment, and motivation

Ability

Amount of subordinate's knowledge, experience, and demonstrated skill

What will the effective leadership style depend on?

The effective leadership style will depend on the willingness and ability of followers

Charismatic Leader

Articulates a clear, appealing vision, and provides inspirational motivation to stimulate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice

What is the source of a charismatic leader’s impact?

Lofty Vision

Lofty Vision CCUT

• Ideal future is credible yet not readily available

• Ability to communicate the vision

• Ability to understand and empathize

• Empowering and trusting subordinates

Transactional Leaders

Individuals who clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates, initate structure, provide appropriate rewards, and display consideration for followers

Transformational Leaders

Distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change by creating an inspiring  vision, shaping values, building relationships, and providing meaning for followers

What does effective transformational leadership result in?

Effective transformational leadership results in performances that exceed organizational expectations

The 4 I’s of Transformational Leaders

1. Idealized Influence

2. Inspirational Motivation

3. Intellectual Stimulation

4. Individual Consideration

Idealized Influence

Describes leaders who are exceptional role models for followers and as a result leader's influence is trusted by followers

Inspirational Motivation

Describes leaders who motivate followers to commit to the leader's vision and as a result followers have high motivation to reach the goals of the organization achieved through intrinsic motivation

Intellectual Stimulation

Describes leaders who encourage innovation and creativity through challenging the normal beliefs or status quo

Individual Consideration

Describes leaders who act as coaches and advisors to followers. Leader motivates followers to reach goals that benefit not only the organization by the follower as well

What do the 4 I’s help transform followers into?

Four I's help transform followers into better, more productive and successful individuals

Power

Ability to influence the behavior of others

Influence

The effect that a person's actions have on the attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors of others

Leadership

The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals

What are the 3 types of position power? LRC

1. Legitimate Power

2. Reward Power

3. Coervice Power

Legitimate Power

Power that comes from the formal position in an organization and the authority granted by that position

Reward Power

Results from the authority to bestow rewards

Coercive Power

Stems from the authority to punish or recommend punishment

2 Types of Personal Power ER

1. Expert Power

2. Referent Power

Expert Power

Power that results from special knowledge or skill

Referent Power

Results from characteristics that comes from identification with respect and admiration for, and desire to emulate the leader

Motivation

The forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of actions

What is a managers job?

A managers job is to channel motivation toward the accomplishment of organizational goals

Intrinsic Rewards

The internal satisfactions and positive feelings that a person receives in the process of performing a particular action

Extrinsic Rewards

Something given by another person and includes promotions, praise, and pay increases

Do effective managers want people to recieve intrinsic or extrinsic rewards?

Both

Content Theory of Motivation

People have a variety of needs that motivate specific behaviors in an attempt to satisfy the need

Content Theories

Emphasize the needs that motivate people

4 Content Theories META

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

2. ERG Theory

3. Two Factor Theory

4. Acquired Needs Theory

What 3 categories of needs does ERG Theory identify? ERG

1. Existence Needs

2. Relatedness Needs

3. Growth Needs

Existence Needs

The needs for physical well being; physical, safety

Relatedness Needs

The needs for satisfactory relationships with others; social

Growth Needs

The needs for satisfactory relationships with others; Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Low to High) PSBES

1. Physiological Needs

2. Safety Needs

3. Belongingness Needs

4. Esteem Needs

5. Self-Actualization Needs

Physiological Needs

Heart, air, base salary

Safety Needs

Safe work, fringe benefits, job security

Belongingness Needs

Work groups, coworkers, clients, supervisors

Esteem Needs

Recognition, approval, high status

Self-Actualization Needs

Opportunities for advancement, autonomy, growth

Hertzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

There are two factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other

(T/F) Job dissatisfaction is not the opposite of job satisfaction

True

Hygiene Factors

Focus on lower-level needs and involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers. An increasing in hygiene factors causes a decrease in job dissatisfaction but can never increase job satisfaction

Motivators

Influence job satisfaction based on fulfilling higher level needs

Acquired Needs

Certain types of needs are acquired during the individual's lifetime

3 Types of Acquired Needs AAP

1. Need for achievement

2. Need for Affiliation

3. Need for power

Need for Achievement

The desire to accomplish something difficult; a trait of an entrepreneur