Patho chp 23

Erythrocytes

Most common type of blood cell.

Hemoglobin

A protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells.

Bilirubin

A waste product produced from the breakdown of heme in red blood cells.

Anemia

An abnormally low number of circulating red blood cells or level of hemoglobin, resulting in diminished oxygen-carrying capacity.

Erythropoiesis

The production of red blood cells.

Reticulocyte

An immature red blood cell that is released from the bone marrow.

Oxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin bound to oxygen, appearing bright red.

Sickle Cell Disease

An inherited disorder in which an abnormal hemoglobin leads to chronic hemolytic anemia and pain.

Polycythemia

A condition in which the red blood cell mass is increased.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A type of anemia caused by insufficient iron for hemoglobin production.

Thalassemia

Inherited disorders leading to decreased synthesis of either the alpha or beta globin chains of hemoglobin.

Hematocrit

The volume percentage of red blood cells in blood.

Hemolysis

The destruction of red blood cells.

Rh Factor

An antigen that determines the positive or negative blood type.

Serum Ferritin

A protein that stores iron in the body, reflecting iron stores.

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

A measure of the average volume of red blood cells.

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

The average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell.

Reticulocyte Count

An index of how rapidly new red blood cells are being produced by the marrow.

Jaundice

Yellow discoloration of the skin caused by the accumulation of bilirubin.

Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

Destruction of donor red cells by recipient antibodies, can be life-threatening.

Unconjugated Bilirubin

Bilirubin that is insoluble in plasma and has not been processed by the liver.

Conjugated Bilirubin

Bilirubin that has been processed by the liver and is water-soluble.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production.

Hypoxia

Low oxygen levels in the tissues.

Hemoglobin F (HbF)

Fetal hemoglobin which has a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin.

Blood Transfusion

A medical procedure in which blood is transferred from one person to another.

Transfusion Reaction

An immune response that occurs when a recipient's immune system attacks transfused blood cells.

Aplastic Anemia

Anemia caused by the failure of the bone marrow to produce blood cells.

Chronic Disease Anemia

Anemia associated with chronic diseases such as cancer or inflammatory conditions.

Megaloblastic Anemia

Anemia due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency that results in the production of large, immature red blood cells.

Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia

Anemia characterized by small, pale red blood cells usually due to iron deficiency.

Thalassemia Major (Cooley's Anemia)

Severe form of thalassemia requiring regular blood transfusions.

Sideroblastic Anemia

Anemia characterized by the presence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow.

Hemoglobin A (HbA)

Adult hemoglobin consisting of two pairs of alpha and beta chains.

Aging of RBCs

A decline in red blood cell production and function associated with aging.

Aging Changes in Hematopoiesis

Reduction in hematopoietic reserve and growth factor production with age.

Heliocobacter pylori

A bacterium that can cause chronic gastric issues leading to anemia.

Polycythemia Vera

A bone marrow disorder that leads to increased blood cells and can cause complications.

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

A rare but serious complication of blood transfusion that involves acute lung injury.

Iron Overload

Excess iron accumulation in the body that can cause organ damage.

Vitamin B12

A vitamin essential for the production of red blood cells and proper neurological function.

Folic Acid

A B-vitamin crucial for red blood cell formation and growth.

Albumin

A protein in blood plasma that helps maintain blood volume and pressure.

Hemoglobin S (HbS)

An abnormal variant of hemoglobin that causes sickle cell disease.

Hepatomegaly

Enlargement of the liver, often due to increased red blood cell destruction.

Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen, commonly associated with blood disorders.

Cryoprecipitate

A component of blood transfusion that contains clotting factors.

Iron Chelation Therapy

Treatment to remove excess iron from the body, usually with a medication.

Hypoproteinemia

Low protein levels in the blood, which can affect blood volume.

Bone Marrow Aspiration

A procedure to collect bone marrow for testing.

Glucuronide

A compound that conjugates bilirubin in the liver to make it water-soluble.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A blood test that can indicate inflammation, infection, or other conditions.