The Metric System - Some Scientists

Metric System - Some Scientists I Need To Know. *Suggestion- Do not use any of the practice quizzes, they most likely won't help you prepare for the type of exams and quizzes Dr. Kohler gives. Just use the flashcards. *Also I'm not sure if all of this is going to be on whatever quiz or exam you're using this to study for, this is literally just a review of the notes, not the exam/quiz verbatim so stop complaining.

Atom

The basic unit of matter.

Example: Hydrogen

Molecule

A group of atoms, the smallest unit of most chemical compounds.

Example: Water

The four molecules of life are…

Carbohydrates (Sugars),

Lipids (Fats),

Proteins,

Nucleic Acids

Cell

The smallest FUNCTIONAL unit of life.

Example: Nerve Cell

Tissue

A group of similar CELLS that perform a particular function

Example: Nervous Tissue

Organ

A group of TISSUES that work together to perform closely related functions

Example: The brain

Organ System

A group of ORGANS that work together to perform a specific function

Example: Nervous System

Organism

An individual living thing

Example: Bison

Population

A group of organisms of ONE TYPE that live in the same area

Example: Bison Herd

Community

Populations that live together in a defined area

Example: Hawk, Snake, Bison, Grass, Tree

Ecosystem

A community and it’s NON-LIVING surroundings

Example: Hawk, Bison, Grass, Stream, Rocks

Biosphere

The part of the earth that contains ALL THE ECOSYSTEMS

Example: Land, Water, and Air where life can exist

What is the smallest level of organization?

Atom

What is the largest level of organization?

Biosphere

Grams

Used for MASS (g)

Liters

Used for VOLUME (l)

Meter

Used for LENGTH (m)

Celsius

Used for TEMPERATURE (c with the circle thingy)

Spontaneous Generation

Life generates from non-life

Biogenesis

Life generates from other living things

Field Studies

Organism is observed in their natural environment

Laboratory Studies

Controlled environment setting of study

Cell Cultures

A group of cells developed from a single cell in a nutrient solution

Cell Fractionation

A technique to separate different cell parts

Gel Electrophoresis

A procedure to separate AND analyze DNA fragments

Centrifuge

An instrument that spins quickly CAUSES cell parts to SEPARATE

Botany

The study of plants

Cytology

The study of cells

Zoology

The study of animals

Genetics

The study of genes and heredity

Microbiology

The study of microscope organisms and their interactions with living things

Ecology

The study of individual organisms and their environment

Ethology

The study of animal behavior

Taxonomy

The science of classification

Anatomy

The study of the animal form (emphasis on the human body)

Physiology

The study of the functionings of living organisms and the organs/ parts of living organisms

John Needham

Stated spontaneous generation could occur in the right

conditions

Did an experiment with gravy heated and left open to the air

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Concluded the microorganisms were not from the gravy,

but from the open air.

Louis Pasteur

DISPROVED the spontaneous generation theory, finding that

microorganisms were not present if dust and particles were not permitted in

and air was

Pasteurized milk*

Francesco Redi

Did an experiment with meat, flies, and maggots.

Concluded that maggots were from the flies and spontaneous generation of

the maggots did not occur.

Robert Hooke

First person to see cells, he looked at a slice of cork under a

microscope

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

First person to see living cells, he called them

“animalcules”