IB Bio Animal Behavior

innate behavior

type that develops despite environment

innate behaviors are controlled by…

controlled by organisms’ genes

example of innate behavior

fight-or-flight response in humans

learned behavior

type that is not genetically programmed

learned behaviors may or may not…

increase organisms’ chances of surviving (most learned behaviors do not)

taxis

direct response to stimulus

chemotaxis

response to chemicals in environment

example of chemotaxis

soft corals release toxic terpenoid or sacrophine compounds

phototaxis

response to light stimulus

example of phototaxis

cockroach runs for cover when light turns on

gravitaxis

response to gravity

example of gravitaxis

humans have a sense of gravity (where up & down is), even when they cannot see

rheotaxis

response to water current

example of rheotaxis

fish swim into/against current to stay in place instead of flowing w/ current

thigmotaxis

response to touch

example of thigmotaxis

pet labrador retriever’s back → tail wags faster

kinesis

movement in response to non-directional stimulus

does kinesis have directional component?

no, organism does not move toward or away from stimulus

orthokinesis

greater stimulus, faster movement

example of orthokinesis

wood lice (roly poly) - drier environment, faster movement b/c they like high humidity environments

klinokinesis

greater stimulus, change directions more often

example of klinokinesis

flatworms - more light, change directions more often until able to hide in cool, dark environment

imprinting

young animal becomes attracted to mother

example of imprinting

ducklings imprint on their mother

how do squirrels benefit future generations?

learned how to hide food in ground → forgot about it → trees obtain nutrients to grow & provide food for future squirrels

how do chimps learn?

learn by trial & error (ex: use sticks to eat ants in ant hills)

how do grizzly bears learn how to fish?

learn from mother

social behavior

two or more animals, normally of same species) that interact w/ each other

honey bee queen

fertile female

* lays eggs
* produces pheromones → calm colony, other females become sterile

worker

sterile female

* feeds larvae
* produces wax & honey
* searches for nectar & pollen
* protects hive

drone

fertile male developed from unfertilized egg

* mates w/ queen

what is social behavior responsible for honey bee social structure?

eusocial