Cell Cycle and Division

centrosome

centrosome

The ________, which had undergone duplication during the S phase of interphase, now begins to move towards opposite poles of the cell.

haploid cells

Four ________ are formed at the end of meiosis II.

replication of DNA

There is no ________ during interkinesis.

multinucleate condition

In some organisms, karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis as a result of which ________ arises leading to the formation of syncytium (e.g., liquid endosperm in coconut)

Interkinesis

________ is followed by prophase II, much simpler prophase than prophase I.

Diakinesis

________ represents the transition to metaphase.

Mitosis

________ or the equational division is usually restricted to the diploid cells only.

Meiosis

________ is the mechanism by which conservation of a specific chromosome number of each species is achieved across generations in sexually reproducing organisms, even though the process, per se, paradoxically, results in a reduction of chromosome number by half.

convenience mitosis

Though for ________ has been divided into four stages of nuclear division (karyokinesis), it is very essential to understand that cell division is a progressive process and very clear- cut lines can not be drawn between various stages.

G2 phase

During the ________, proteins are synthesized in preparation for mitosis while cell growth continues.

cell cycle

The ________ is divided into two basic phases.

Prophase

________ is marked by the initiation of condensation of chromosomal material.

process of evolution

Variations are very important for the ________.

homologous chromosomes

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between two ________.

sexual reproduction

The production of offspring by ________ includes the fusion of two gametes, each with a complete haploid set of chromosomes.

G1 phase

During the ________, the cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA.

number of chromosomes

Since the ________ in the parent and progeny cells is the same, it is also called equational division.

Gametes

________ are formed from specialized diploid cells.

equatorial plate

The bivalent chromosomes align on the ________.

animal cells

In ________, during the S phase, DNA replication begins in the nucleus, and the centriole duplicates in the cytoplasm.

M Phase

The ________ represents the phase when the actual cell division or mitosis occurs.

chromosomal material becomes

The ________ untangled during the process of chromatin condensation.

growth of multicellular organisms

The ________ is due to mitosis.

Chromosomes

________ are seen to be composed of two chromatids attached together at the centromere.

initiation of DNA

It corresponds to the interval between mitosis and ________ replication.

S

________ or synthesis phase marks the period during which DNA synthesis or replication takes place.

M Phase

The ________ starts with the nuclear division, corresponding to the separation of daughter chromosomes (karyokinesis), and usually ends with the division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis)