History and Evolution of Stenography Machines and Professional Terminology

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the history of stenography technology, professional terminology, and machine keyboard components based on the provided lecture notes.

Miles Bartholomew

Known as the "father of the stenograph," he developed the Stenograph Shorthand Machine in $1877$/$1887$ and patented it in $1879$.

George Kerr Anderson

Developed the Anderson Shorthand Typewriter in $1889$, which was the first keyboard to allow multiple keys to be pressed simultaneously using English characters.

Ireland Shorthand Machine

A practical machine produced in $1911$ by the Universal Stenotype Company (owned by Ward Stone Ireland) featuring a totally depressible keyboard.

Master Model Stenotype

A shorthand machine introduced in $1914$ by the Universal Stenotype Company that weighed only $6\,pounds$.

LaSalle Stenotype

Also known as the "Master Model Four," this $1927$ machine featured a two-spool ribbon system.

Stenograph Data Writer

A $1963$ machine that used organ-type switches and encoded notes onto magnetic tape for computer transcription.

SmartWriter

The first stenotype machine (introduced in $1987$) to encode notes onto a floppy disk.

Stentura Series

The first machines (introduced in $1992$) to feature an LCD screen for instantaneous translation in English or Steno.

Élan Cybra

The first totally paperless, inkless, and ribbonless machine, introduced in $2001$.

Élan Mira Series

A $2003$ machine featuring an adjustable LCD, USB and Serial ports, and Audisync OTG (on the go).

Stentura Fusion

A $2006$ model capable of being used with or without paper that included SD card compatibility and Audio Sync.

The Diamante

A $2009$ machine that established a new standard for speed with "True Stroke" technology and dual SD cards.

The Luminex

A $2015$ machine featuring high-end "True Stroke" technology and chrome-plated key levers to reduce friction.

Antonio Zucco

An Italian who made the first steno-style machine in $1863$, which saw use in the Italian Senate from $1880$.

Captioner

A conflict-free stenotypist who captions television programs in a realtime environment.

CAT

An acronym for Computer-Aided Transcription, which is the use of computers to translate stenotype notes.

CIC

An acronym for Computer-Integrated Courtroom, typically associated with realtime writing used by court reporters in the courtroom.

Conflict

The occurrence of using the same outline for more than one word, requiring human editing because the computer cannot distinguish between them.

Conflict-Free

A system of writing where every word has a unique outline; it is a necessity for effective realtime writing.

CSR

An acronym for Certified Shorthand Reporter, a certification acquired by passing a state examination.

JCR

The Journal of Court Reporting, which is the official magazine published by the NCRA.

NCRA

The National Court Reporters Association, formerly known as the NSRA.

Notes

Shorthand outlines recorded on paper tape or in a computer.

Outline

The specific letter combinations used to define a single word or phrase.

Realtime

Sensory translation of stenotype notes into a readable transcript instantaneously as they are written.

Reporter

One who makes a verbatim transcript of a proceeding.

RPR

An acronym for Registered Professional Reporter, a certification acquired by passing the NCRA’s examination.

Scopist (Notereader)

One who edits a reporter's translation to create a final transcript; they must be able to read notes but do not necessarily write them.

Stroke

Any single key or key combination pressed simultaneously.

Taking

The actual act of writing on the stenotype machine.

Text Entry

A method of realtime translation including interactive editing used for medical transcription and other fields.

Right posture

Step 1: sit well back in the chair

Step 2: Both feet on the floor

Step 3: Pull the machine close enough so you do not have to reach for the keyboard with your hands.

Benefits of touch typing

Increased typing speed and efficiency

Improved accuracy and error reduction

Reduced strain and fatigue

Enhanced focus and productivity

Boosted confidence and professionalism

Versatility in the digital age