CH21: MISC BACTERIAL AGENTS OF DISEASE

Treponema (genus)

• What is the morphology of the bacterium?

• What disease is caused by Treponema pallidium?

• Can it survive a long time outside the host?

• 2 most common ways it’s transmitted?

• thin coiled

• syphilis

• no bc fastidious

• venereal and congenital

What are the 3 stages of untreated syphilis cases?

primary secondary tertiary

Primary syphilis

• sx?

• is this painless or painful?

• is the SX always detected?

• when healed, the spirochete moves where?

Secondary syphilis

• spirochete multiplies in bloodstream and spreads thru body 

• sx? is it irritating?

• where?

Tertiary Syphilis

• sx?

• where?

• chancre

• painless

• NO, it can be hidden (esp in female genetalia)

• moves into blood

• nonirritating rash

• skin, palms/soles

• gummas in any tissue

how does chancre of treponema (syphilis) differ from h.ducreyi?

treponema chancre is painless, h.ducreyi is painful

• Severe headache, convulsions, mental derangement

• Atrophy of optic nerve, blindness, Argyll-robertson pupil

neurosyphilis

Congenital syphilis

• transmission?

• What effect can this have on the fetus? 

• vertical transmission

• nasal discharge, skin eruptions, bone deformation, nervous system problems, old man appearance, hutchinsons teeth, bowed tibia

which legionella species causes leptospirosis?

• L.interrogans

• is leptospirosis zoonotic?

• Where fluid can Leptospira be shed?

• YES

• urine

How are borrelioses transmitted?

What are its animal reservoirs?

• arthropods

• deers and mice

Borrelia burgdorferi

• What disease does Borrelia burgdorferi cause?

• Where did it get its name?  

• How is it acquired?

• main SX?

• what happens if untreated case progresses?

• lymes disease

• lyme Connecticut

• tick bite

• erythema chronica (bulls eye rash)

• cardiac and neural symptoms (ex: facial palsy and polyarthritis)

erythema chronica

borrelia burgdorferi

facial palsy and polyarthritis

borrelia burgdorferi

Vibrio

• Gram + or -?

• morphology?

• any flagella present?

• Where is it found?
  

• gram negative

• curved rod

• monotrichous

• FRESHwater

Vibrio cholerae

• why is this most likely to infect humans?

• what’s the relation to John Snow?

• how is it acquired?

• what is the name of toxin produced + what effect does this have on the intestine?

  • characteristic symptom?

• How can cholera be prevented?

• found in FRESHwater

• he mapped cholera outbreak in 1854 london

• ingesting contaminated fish and water

• choleragen

• enterotoxin that inflames gut wall

• watery diarrhea

• sewage and water treatment

• which 2 vibrio species cause gastroenteritis?

  • how are these acquired?

• V. vulnificus has been linked to what severe condition reported by fisherman in Galveston? 

  • What extreme measures may be taken to prevent spread of infection? 

• vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus

• ingesting raw oysters/shellfish

• necrofascitis

• amputation

• What does Camplylobacter jejuni cause? 

• main SX?

• How is it ranked among food borne illnesses? 

• What kind of toxin is produced? 

• gastroenteritis and neural issues (facial palsy)

• watery diarrhea

• top 3 causes

• CJT enterotoxin

Helicobacter pylori-

• What does Helicobacter pylori cause? 

• What has it been linked to?

• When it is assumed to been acquired during life? 

• chronic gastric ulcers via urease

• gastric carcinoma

• early life but is asymptomatic until it starts damaging GI lining

Rickettsioses 

• Which species causes epidemic typhus? 

• Which species causes endemic typhus? 

• Which species causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

  • What symptoms presents?

• r.proawzekki

• r.typhi

• r.rickettssi

• distinct spotted rash

causes tyPHUS? (not tyPHOID)

rickettsioses

Which is the most common rickettsial infection in the US?

r.rickettssi

2 forms (or bodies) seen in the cycle of chlamydias:

• Which is infectious?

• Which is responsible for dividing within host cells?

• elementary body

• reticulate body

distinct spotted rash

r.rickettssi

• Chlamydia trachomatis causes which 2 diseases?

• How is ocular trachoma transmitted?

  • What is this often a coinfection with?
    
    

• Trachoma (ocular trachoma, conjunctivitis, different STDs) and lymphogranuloma venereum 

• Direct contact with eye, gnats, flies

• Coinfection with inclusion conjunctivitis (caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia)

• Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) causes disfiguring in what? 

  • primary LGV main SX + where?

  • secondary LGV main SX?

  • late LGV main SX for men?

    • can this phase be treated?

• External genetelia and pelvic lymphatics

• ulcers in genetalia

• bubos

• swelling of penis

• NO treatment

• What unique condition to prokaryotes does Mycoplasma pneumoniae exhibit? 

• What condition is caused? 

• no cell wall

• primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) aka walking pneumonia

what condition is caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae

primary atypical pneumonia PAP aka walking pneumonia

what disease can u not use cell wall inhibitor for?

mycoplasma pneumoniae

non-gonnococcal urethritis caused by?

chylamydia

how does neurosyphilis develop?

gummas from tertiary syphilis progresses to affect nervous system