CH21: MISC BACTERIAL AGENTS OF DISEASE

Treponema (genus)

• What is the morphology of the bacterium?

• What disease is caused by Treponema pallidium?

• Can it survive a long time outside the host?

• 2 most common ways it’s transmitted?

• thin coiled

• syphilis

• fastidious

• venereal and congenital

What are the 3 stages of untreated syphilis cases?

primary secondary tertiary

Treponema (genus)

• What is the morphology of the bacterium?

• What disease is caused by Treponema pallidium?

• Can it survive a long time outside the host?

• 2 most common ways it’s transmitted?

• thin coiled

• syphilis

• fastidious

• venereal and congenital

What are the 3 stages of untreated syphilis cases?

primary secondary tertiary

Primary syphilis

• sx?

• is this painless or painful?

• when healed, the spirochete moves where?

Secondary syphilis

• spirochete multiplies in bloodstream and spreads thru body 

• sx? is it irritating?

• where?

Tertiary Syphilis

• sx?

• where?

• chancre

• painless

• moves into blood

• nonirritating rash

• skin, palms/soles

• gummas in any tissue

how does chancre of treponema (syphilis) differ from h.ducreyi?

treponema chancre is painless, h.ducreyi is painful

• Severe headache, convulsions, mental derangement

• Atrophy of optic nerve, blindness, Argyll-robertson pupil

neurosyphilis

Congenital syphilis

• transmission?

• What effect can this have on the fetus? 

• vertical transmission

• nasal discharge, skin eruptions, bone deformation, nervous system problems, old man appearance, hutchinsons teeth, bowed tibia

Are there subspecies that don’t cause syphilis?

LATER

1. Where fluid can Leptospira be shed?

urine

How are borrelioses transmitted?

arthropods

Borrelia burgdorferi

• What disease does Borrelia burgdorferi cause?

• Where did it get its name?  

• How is it acquired?

• main SX?

• what happens if untreated case progresses?

• lymes disease

• lyme Connecticut

• tick bite

• bulls eye rash

• cardiac and neural symptoms (ex: facial palsy and polyarthritis)

bulls eye rash

borrelia burgdorferi

facial palsy and polyarthritis

borrelia burgdorferi

Vibrio

• Gram + or -?

• morphology?

• any flagella present?

• Where is it found?
  

• gram negative

• curved rod

• monotrichous

• marine

Vibrio cholerae

• why is this most likely to infect humans?

• what’s the relation to John Snow?

• how is it acquired?

• what is the name of toxin produced + what effect does this have on the intestine?

  • characteristic symptom?

• How can cholera be prevented?

• later

• later

• ingesting contaminated fish and water

• choleragen

• enterotoxin that inflames gut wall

• watery diarrhea

• sewage and water treatment

• which 2 vibrio species cause gastroenteritis?

  • how are these acquired?

• V. vulnificus has been linked to what severe condition reported by fisherman in Galveston? 

  • What extreme measures may be taken to prevent spread of infection? 

• vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus

• ingesting raw oysters/shellfish

• LATER

• amputation

• What does Camplylobacter jejuni cause? 

• main SX?

• How is it ranked among food borne illnesses? 

• What kind of toxin is produced? 

• gastroenteritis

• diarrhea

• top 3 causes

• CJT enterotoxin

Helicobacter pylori-

• What does Helicobacter pylori cause? 

• What has it been linked to?

• When it is assumed to been acquired during life? 

• stomach and duodenal ulcers via urease

• gastric carcinoma

• early life but is asymptomatic until it starts damaging GI lining

Rickettsioses 

• Which species causes epidemic typhus? 

• Which species causes endemic typhus? 

• Which species causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

  • What symptoms presents?

• r.proawzekki

• r.typhi

• r.rickettssi

• distinct spotted rash

causes typhyus?

rickettsioses

Which is the most common rickettsial infection in the US?

r.rickettssi

2 forms (or bodies) seen in the cycle of chlamydias:

• Which is infectious?

• Which is responsible for dividing within host cells?

• elementary body

• reticulate body

distinct spotted rash

r.rickettssi

• Chlamydia trachomatis causes which 2 diseases?

• How is ocular trachoma transmitted?

  • What is this often a coinfection with?
    
    

• Trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum 

• LATER

• LATER

• Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) causes disfiguring in what? 

  • primary LGV main SX + where?

  • secondary LGV main SX?

  • late LGV main SX for men?

    • can this phase be treated?Primary LGV = Ulcers on penis or vagin/labia

• External genetelia and pelvic lymphatics

• ulcers in genetalia

• bubos

• swelling of penis

• NO treatment

• What unique condition to prokaryotes does Mycoplasma pneumoniae exhibit? 

• What condition is caused? 

• no cell wall

• primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) aka walking pneumonia