Communication Disorders Test 1

What level of education does SLP need?

Masters degree and practicum hours, including 2 years of full-time study with both academic coursework

What level of education does Audiologist need?

clinical doctor, including 3-4 years of full-time study and clinical rotations

What responsiblilties does an audiologist

prevent and asses hearing/balance disorders

What responsiblities does SLP have? 

work with speech/langauge disorders, social, cogntive communication, feeding/swallowing disorder

What are the work setting of an Audiologist?

Health care setting, private practice, schools/universities

What are the work setting of an SLP?

Medical, private practice, school, university

What are the work setting of an Speech-Language-hearing scientist?

university, government, business

What responsiblities does Speech-language-hearing scientist have? 

research in the field; test out methods; teach at universities; government positions

What is the level of schooling for speech-lang-hearing scientist?

PhD-CSD or related field

What are the SLPA responsibilities?

Perform tasks delegated by a licensed SLP who acts as their supervisor; carry out prescribed treatment plans

What are the responsibilities of an audiologist assistant?

preform delegated tasks that are overseen by an AUD; hearing screenings without interpretation; assist with treatment programs

What part of the ear is shapted like a snail shell?

Cochlea

what happens to the diaphragm in breathing?

The diaphragm pulls down when it contracts, pulling air into the lungs, and relaxes to push air out through the vocal folds

What is the position of the vocal folds during voicing?

Vocal folds are closed (adducted)

Rippling fluid in the cochlea causes movement of the ________, which convert the movement into electrical signals. 

Stereocilia

When the diaphragm contracts, it

moves downward to allow the lungs to fill with air

The sound produced by vertebrates by forcing air out of their lungs and using the vibration of vocal folds to create sound waves is called: 

voice

The brain interprets the electric signals carried by the auditory nerve as sounds and words that we understand. true or false

true

A series of complex movements of the articulators (the lips, tongue, velum, and jaw) that alters a person's vocalizations into specific identifiable sounds is called:

speech

When we are breathing and not speaking, the vocal folds are in the ——— position

open

Sounds waves travel through the air and are caught by the ———, then funneled through the ————— to the tympanic membrane or eardrum

outer ear; ear canal

The movement of the bones of the middle ear in turn moves the ________ within the cochlea (or inner ear).

fluid

What are the little bones inside the ear drum (in order)

malleus, incus, stapes

The primary organ of voice production, which sits between the base of the tongue and the trachea, is called the: 

larynx

Two bands of tissue within the larynx the vibrate to produce vocalization and speech are called what 

vocal folds

what is the steps of speech productions

1. the diaphragm contracts to allow the lungs to expand in volume, causing air to rush into the lungs

2. the diaphragm realxes, pushing upward, increasing air pressure in the lungs, and forcing the air out of the lungs through the trachea

3. the narrowed vocal folds are blown apart by the air escaping the lungs, and they vibrate, resulting in movement of air molecules and the production of sound waves

4. the lips, tongue, velum, and jaw move to shape the sound waves into recognizable speech sounds

A dome-shaped muscle located directly below the lungs whose movement controls air moving into and out of the lungs is called the: 

diaphragm

The tympanic membrane (or eardrum) absorbs the sound waves, converting them into movement of:

the malleus, incus, and staples bones of the middle ear

When the diaphragm relaxes, it:

moves upward to return to its resting position, increases the air pressure within the lungs, and forces air out through the trachea

The hair cells transmit electical signal from teh cochlea to the brain via the ———-

auditory nerve

What is another name for outer ear?

Pinna

What ages are SLPs able to work with?

All of the above

What is the appropriate term for a Speech and Language professional?

Speech-Language Pathologist

True/false Immediately after birth, babies start to show response to the sounds around them by quieting when they hear a noise, widening their eyes, startling to loud sounds, and other behavioral signals.

true

Babies usually produce reduplicated babbling (i.e. repeated syllables of the same speech sounds) by about:

7-9 months of age

What sort of literacy skills should you expect of a child younger than 4 years of age?

writing some letters, especially some letters in their name, pretending to read and write, 
recognizing some familiar logos, like restaurant names or street signs

Some disfluency (stuttering) can be expected in preschool-aged children, but is usually resolved by ——- years of age

4

At what age would you expect a child to be able to follow the spoken direction, "Go get your cup, and give it to Daddy"?

19 - 24 months

true or false, Babies do not communicate because they have not yet learned to speak or understand words. 

false

We expect a child to be saying at least one word by ———-

months of age, and to be putting two words together in phrases by months.

10 - 12 months; 19 - 24 months

A 9 month old baby is not yet speaking any words, responding to their name by turning to look at the speaker, or pointing to any named body parts. Which of these are you concerned about?

not responding to name by turning to look 

People with spoken language disorders can have difficulty with skills in several domains, including syntax (or grammar and word-order), semantics (or _____), and pragmatics (or use and understanding of social norms in spoken language).

vocabulary 

People sometimes still use the term _______ in place of the more current label "Developmental Language Disorder" to describe a disability of speaking/listening that is not the result of another condition like autism, Down syndrome, etc.

Specific Langague Impariment

true/false A spoken language disorder only involves difficulty with expressive language/speaking, not receptive language/understanding.

false

true/fasle A multilingual child can have a spoken language disorder if they have expressive language difficulties in just one of the languages that they speak.

false

About _______% of school-age children and adults with autism use only a few single words or short phrases to communicate.

30%

true/false Many children diagnosed with emotional and behavioral disorders, and many people in the criminal justice system, have spoken language disorders.

true

Possible types of language disorder diagnoses include expressive language disorder, receptive language disorder, or:

mixed expressive-receptive language disorder

What is a reason that it can be difficult to diagnose a language disorder prior to 3 years of age?

a significant number of children are late to start to speak, but have language skills in the normal range by 3-5 years of age

Children who meet eligibility criteria for a spoken language disorder in the _______ setting qualify for special education services through an individualized education program (IEP).

school

One challenge that many children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) share with children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is:

lower executive function skills

What happens in the Articulatory/Resonatory system?

The sound from the vocal folds is affected by articulators as it passes through the mouth/nose

A 10-year-old boy had a TBI following a motor vehicle accident.  Since the accident, he struggles to follow directions, and he is not able to answer questions accurately.  This is an example of:

Acquired receptive language disorder

A 5-year-old boy has autism, and he uses single words to communicate.  He struggles to understand what other people say, and he does not use many gestures.  Since autism and language disorder sometimes go together, this is an example of:

Associated mixed receptive and expressive language disorder

 A 2-year-old girl can follow 2-step instructions, appears to understand most of what people tell her and can use pointing and gestures to show people what she wants.  She uses a vocabulary of 10 single words.  This is an example of:

Developmental expressive language disorder

What does acquired mean?

that the disorder was causes by injured or trauma, there was a cuase

what does developmental mean?

disorder type you were born with

what does expressive mean?

diffculty with speaking/expressing

what does receptive mean?

difficulty with understanding

what does associated mean?

something like autism or down syndrome is with the langauge disorder