UNIT 1- U.S HISTORY

Where did the early humans migrate from

Across Bering land bridges

Why did the early humans migrate across the Bering land bridges?

To fully populate both north and south American by about 15,000.

clan

A group of families that claimed a common ancestor, basic unit of political, social and religious unit.

what are the most important tribes in north America?

Algonquin, huron, iroqous, cherokee, lakota, comache, apache,navajo, and nez perez

with development of agriculture, what led directly to growth of civilization

maize (corn)

what came of the heels of renaissance

age of exploration

who first probed south into the Atlantic

Portuguese explores

w=West Africa (sub sahara) was the first what

the first discovery. They found salt.

slave trade would forces how many Africans across the Atlantic to the Americans

at least 11 million Africans *middle passage*

who is Christopher Columbus

a Italian exposer who backed by the Spanish monarchy

who set out to find a sea based trade route to Asia?

Christopher Columbus

who is credited with discovery of 2 uncovered continents (south and north American)

Christopher Columbus

who will go on to establish their empire in the new world

Europeans (Spanish, English, and French)

Who build one of the largest empires in Americans

The spanish

The Columbian Exchange

is a global exchange of goods and ideas between Europe, Africa, and the Americans after columbus made his first transatlantic voyage in 1492

when was Columbus first transatlantic voyage

1492

what happened in North American 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia

England (Great Britain) established its first successful settlement

The English settlers had struggled with what

diseases and starvation

The English settlers expanded what

expanded around Chesapeake bay area. *house of burgers*

What were New England colonies first established by

puritan, a devout protestant religion sect (the pilgrims)

what happened in 1620

the mayflower made landfall of Plymouth rock.

by mid 1700 England established what

13 colonies

What were the 13 colonies England established

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New \n York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, \n North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

What did the English settlers bring with them to America colonies in regard to gov’t democracy

brought new ideas and philosophies

what are the 2 major influential civil documents of England origin

magna carta (1215) and English bill of rights (1688)

What politically aimed document tired to limit the powers of the English monarchy and guarantee the right of citizens?

Magna carta and English bill of Rights

enlightenment

A philosophical movement of the 18th century which European scholars believed that society’s problem could be solved by science and reason

john Locke

wrote that all individuals are equal in the sense that they are born with certain "inalienable" natural rights. That is, rights that are God-given and can never be taken or even given away. 

what did the tradition of limited gov’t combined with

the idea of enlightenment, significantly influenced American colonists.

how long was the French and Indian

7 year war (1754-1763)

What is the French and Indiana war

A conflict between the British and French for control over north America continent.

who won the French and Indiana war

British. But costly native American role

Who felt that American colonists should help pay for enormous debt that English incurred from the 7 year war?

British gov’t and crown

taxation without representation

sugar, stamps, and tea act; boycott, Boston massacre and Boston tea party

what war erupted bewteen the britsh and americans in 1775 at lexington and concord

American Revolutionary War.

what happened on july 4, 1776

America declared its independence from great Britain.

who adopted the declaration of independence

continental congress

who wrote the declaration of independence

Tomas Jefferson

why and who was the head of continental army

British made military mistakes and America was fortunate to have George Washington

what war was for 8 years and ended with a victory at battle of Yorktown

the American Revolutionary War.

The article of confederation

first constitution of the United States, in effect from 1781 to 1789. They established a weak central government with limited powers, as the Founding Fathers were wary of creating a strong central authority.

what Signiant event drew attention to shays rebellion

The signing of the United States Constitution

The constitutional convention

held in may of 1787, a special convention or meeting was held in Philadelphia in order to draft a new constitution

new jersey (small states) vs virginia plan (large states)

The New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan were two competing proposals for the structure of the United States government during the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

James Madison

architect of Virginia plan and it aptly know as father of constitution

who advocated for national union with a strong and central federal gov’t

James Madison

What allowed for a mix of both New Jersey and Virginia plans. And voting issues were a major concern. 3 fifths causes- slaves

The great compromise

what did it take to ratify the constitution and make it law of land

majority of states

the federalists

supporters of the constitutional; leading federalists were james madison, Alexander Hamilton, and john jay. They wrote a series of letters and articles that collectively called federalist papers

The anti-federalists

opponents of constitutional; leading anti-federalists were Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams. They believe that constitution gave too much power to the national gov’t.

a proposed bill of rights will eventually lead to

ratification the American bill of rights is first ten amendment of constitution

popular sovereighty

idea that people are main source of gov’t authority

limited gov’t

gov’t has only power that constitution gives it

federalism-

political system in which power is shared between the national gov’t state gove -divided power

separation of power

principles that divides power among executive, legislative, and judicial branches of gov’t

checks and balances

system in which each branch of gov’t has the power to monitor and limit actions of others

representative government

citizens elect representatives to gov’t to make law

individual rights

constitution protects citizens individual right, such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion

who names Thomas Jefferson as his secretary of states

Washington

Washington named alexander what

secretary of treasury

judicial review

process where the courts review the actions of the executive and legislative branches of government to ensure they are constitutional. It allows the judiciary to interpret and apply the law, and determine if government actions are in line with the constitution.

the Louisiana purchase

1803 Jefferson purchased from France the territory between Mississippi river and rocky mountains

the war 1812

caused by impressment of US sailors into British navy and failed embargo, US felt there was no alternative but to go to war with britsh

what else happened in 1812

election of Madison; burning of white house; battle of new Orleans and gen Jackson

where did industry grow

in north and many factories were built in cities like boston and new york

cotton became king cash crop where

in the south

cotton gin-machine

invented in 1793 created by eli whitnet

Monroe doctrine

a foreign policy doctrine set forth in 1823 that discouraged european invention in western hemisphere

Andrew Jackson

was a military hero from war 1812 then entered onto American politics and impact was felt immediately.

jacksonian democracy

Andrew Jackson and his followers political philosophy concerned with interests of common people and limiting role of federal gov’t

who won 1828 presidential elections

Jackson

democrat’s

exhibited a strong organizational process and was popular among ordinary Americans

spoils system

a practice of political party in power giving job and appointment to its supporters rather than to people based on qualifications

native American lands

were being invaded by new white settlers in past revolutionary US

what did Jackson promise

to remove Indians from their homelands

Indiana removal act 1830

act passes by congress allowed the federal gov’t to negotiate land traded with Indian in southwest.

trail of tears

was forced march of 1,000 miles of Cherokee Indian to move west of Mississippi.

what happened to the people of trail of tears

15,00 people were compelled by federal troops to make the trip, 4,000 died of diseases and starvation along trail form Georgia to reserved lands.

enslaved African American

their lives laboring at backbreaking tasks from dawn to dusk. In agrarian south, cotton and tobaccos plantation were darkest chapters in human history.

Nat turner

led one of the significant slave revolts in virginia 1821 where 60 people were killed.

Underground Railroad

system that existed before the civil war, which black and white abolitionists help escape slaves travel to safe area.

abolitionist

reformer who sought to end slavery.

William Lioyd Garrison

one of the most significant abolitionists in us history. He was a Boston printer was published the antislavery newspaper, the liberator

Frederick Douglass

was one of the most important voices of reason during anti slavery moment. He was a farmer slave who learned how to read and write.

other notable and influential abolitionists include

angelina and sarah Grimke, Henry david thoreau

Civil Disobedience

nonviolent refusal to follow laws that one considers immoral

sojourner truth

a prominent African American woman who was a former slave

industrialization

Factories in NE provided employment and this was the first time nations history were women worked outside the home

who were early leaders in the women fight for rights

margaret fuller, elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia matt

seneca fall convention

a meeting held in new York in 1848; it was the first woman right convention in US states history.

declaration of sentiment

document issued by Seneca falls convention called for equal right for women

the first white settlers

came ashore in America, the looked westward seeking economic opportunities and prosperity (wanted to go west for gold, furs, and freedom)

John L o’sullivian

a journalist, expressed many of ideas of American expansionists

Manifest Destiny

A 19th century doctrine that westward expansion of united states was not only inevitable but god given right.

American headed where across the great plain into southwest

west

oregon trail

a trail from missouri to orgegon that was used by pioneers during 1800’s

Americans began to settle in

Texas territory in 1820

in 1820 Texas was called what

tejas

in 1834 who started a revolt for Texas independence

Anglo texans

Antonia Lopez de Santa anna

was sent with soldiers to quell this uprising