History of China

Yellow River

____ - is the place where Chinas oldest civilization started

People's Republic of China (Zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guŏ)

What is the Official Name of China ?

• YANG TZE RIVER

• HUANG HE RIVER

• XI JIANG RIVER

Major Rivers in China [3]

1.4 Billion people

What is the Population of China as of 2019?

1. Written Language

2. Spoken Language

Dialect of the Chinese People have 2 Elements such as : ____

Written Language

[What Element in Dialect of the Chinese People]

• Represented by combination of different strokes called CHARACTER

Spoken Language

[What Element in Dialect of the Chinese People]

• Represented by varies different dialects

Evolution of Chinese Characters

• Xia Dynasty

• Shang Dynasty

• Zhou Dyanasty

Major Dynasty of China [3]

Xia Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• it is the first dynasty in Chinese history.

• It lasted nearly 500 years and included the reigns of 17 emperors

• 500 years

• 17 emperors

Xia Dynasty ⬇

• lasted nearly ___ years and included the reigns of_____emperors.

Xia Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• An important milestone in Chinese civilization

• It marks the end of the Primitive Society and the beginning of the Class Society.

21st - 17th century BC

"What are the approximate dates of the Xia Dynasty's rule?

Shang Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• lasted almost 600 years (1700-1027 BC.)

• There were a total of 30 emperors throughout 17 generations.

600 years

Shang Dynasty

• lasted almost ___ [how many] years ?

• 30 emperors

• 17 generations

Shang Dynasty have a total of _____ emperors throughout ____ generations

1700-1027 B.C.

"What are the approximate dates of the Shang Dynasty rule?"

Zhou Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Social structure became more organized and defined.

• Scholars (top of the working class)

• Farmers

• Craftsmen

• Traders (bottom of the working class)

In Zhou Dynasty

• Society was divided into four main classes such as ____

• king

• priests

• feudal shis

Ruling Class in Zhou Dynasty is composed of [3]

• Scholars

• Farmers

• Craftsmen

• Traders

Working Class in Zhou Dynasty is composed of [3]

ruling class

In Zhou Dynasty

The ______ class remained at the top, similar to the Shang Dynasty.

working class

Compared to the Shang Dynasty, the ____ class in the Zhou Dynasty was more detailed and divided by roles.

• Continuity

• Change

• Compared to the Shang Dynasty, the working class in the Zhou Dynasty was more detailed and divided by roles.

• This shift shows both change and continuity:

  • _____ - : The ruling class stayed the same.

  • ______ -: The working class became more structured with specific roles.

• Confucius

• Lao Tzu

• Mencius

Greatest Philosophers during Zhou Dynasty [3]

Lao Tzu

He is the founder of Taoism (Daoism)

Lao Tzu

____ - is a philosophy that advocates living a simple life

Qin Shihuangdi (221 B.C.E.)

Who is the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty ?

14 years

Qin Dynasty lasted for ___ years

Qin Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Helped to establish a centralized system of rule.

  • Much of China was divided into provinces and districts.

Qin Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Major infrastructure projects were built, including:

  • Roads

  • Defensive walls (early version or prelude to the Great Wall)

Qin Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Introduced Commanderies (Prefectures, also known as Jun) for better local governance.

Tang Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Ruled Ancient China from 618 to 907.

• A time of peace and prosperity for the country.

Tang Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• China became one of the most powerful nations in the world during this period.

Tang Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• This era is often called the Golden Age of Ancient China.

Song Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

Yuan Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• First non-Han Chinese Dynasty – Ruled by Mongols, not ethnic Chinese

Yuan Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Founded by Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan), who completed the conquest of China.

Genghis Khan

Yuan Dynasty was established due to the efforts of _____ ?

Kublai Lhan

During Yuan Dynasty

• ____ [who] is sent to conquer China

Marco Polo

During Yuan Dynasty

• _____ –[who] Famous European explorer who visited China during this time.

1279-1368

"What are the approximate dates of the Yuan Dynasty's rule?"

Yuan Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Trade increased between Mongolia, China, and Europe.

Ming Dyanasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Defeated the Mongols in 1368

Ming Dyanasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Reestablished Confucian-based government (traditional Chinese systems.)

Ming Dyanasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Attempted to eliminate all signs of foreign rule

• Promoted Chinese culture over Mongol influence.

Ming Dyanasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Second emperor moved the capital to Beijing and constructed the Forbidden City as the imperial palace.

1368-1664

"What are the approximate dates of the Ming Dyanasty rule?"

Qing dynasty ruled

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• China had many tribes in Northern provinces – The Manchu captured and unified eastern Mongolia and Korea.

• 1644 Manchu captured Beijing – Qing dynasty ruled China until 1912.

1912.

Qing Dynasty ruled China until ___ [what year]

false : Qing Emperor was not Chinese – But adopted Chinese culture.

[T/F] Qing Emperor was a Chinese

Hsuan-yeh

In Qing Dynasty

_____ [who]?

• Also known as the Kangxi Emperor

• one of Qing's greatest rulers

Qing Dynasty

[What Major Dynasty of China]

• Manchu people were a minority – They had to study the Manchu language and cultural traditions.

Guomindang (GMD)

____- is the Nationalist party and was formed in 1913 and influenced heavily by the principals of Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-sen

Guomindang (GMD) is the Nationalist party and was formed in 1913 and influenced heavily by the principals of ______ ?

Guomindang (GMD)

____ - ruled China from a base in Nanjing from 1927-1937

• Nanjing

• 1927-1937

Guomindang (GMD) ruled China from a base in_____ from _____

Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi)

______-was the head of the GMD from 1928 until his death in 1975

Jiang Jieshi

Chiang Kai Shek is aka ___ ?

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

_____ -

• founded in 1921 in Shanghai

• Based in the ideas of Marx and heavily influenced by agents of the Soviet Union.

• Mao Zedong

• Zhou Enlai

• Chen Duxiu

Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was lead by _____ [who] [3]

Communist Party

In the Flag of China

• Largest star represents : ____ ?

• Peasant

• Workers

• Bourgeoisie

• Capitalist

In the Flag of China

• 4 smaller stars represent the classes of people in China: such as _____

Confucianism

[What Religion of the Chinese People]

• One word sums up the basis of all good conduct.

• Golden rule: “Do not do unto others what you don’t want others to do unto you.”

Taoism

[What Religion of the Chinese People]

• Chinese philosophy attributed to Lao Tzu (c. 500 BCE).

• Influenced folk religion, especially in rural China.

Taoism

[What Religion of the Chinese People]

• Became the official religion under the Tang Dynasty.

• It is both a philosophy and a religion.

Lao Tzu

Taoism is a Chinese philosophy attributed to____ ?

Buddhism

[What Religion of the Chinese People]

• Founded by Siddhartha Gautama ("the Buddha") over 2,500 years ago in India.

• Later spread to China and became a major spiritual tradition.

Siddhartha Gautama ("the Buddha")

Buddhism is founded by _____ ?

Siddhartha Gautama

In Buddhism

• _____ [who] is the Buddha

Hanyu Pinyin

_____ - is the China's official alphabet system for Chinese

Mandarin

____ - is the Chinese standard official language

Zhōngwén

____ - is the Chinese language

Pīnyīn

____ - is the Chinese Romantization