Chapter 16 special senses medical term

ambyl/o

dull, dim

aque/o

water

blephar/o

eyelid

choroid/o

choroid

conjunctiv/o

conjunctiva

core/o

pupil

pupill/o

pupil

corne/o

cornea

cycl/o

ciliary body

dacry/o

tear

lacrim/o

tears

dacryocyst/o

lacrimal sac

glauc/o

gray

goni/o

angle

irid/o

iris

kerat/o

horny tissue; hard; cornea

ocul/o

eye

ophthalm/o

eye

opt/o

eye, vision

optic/o

eye, vision

phac/o

lens

persby/o

old age

rentin/o

retina

scler/o

hardening

scot/o

darkness

vitr/o

vitreous body (of the eye)

audi/o

hearing

labyrinth/o

labyrinth (inner ear)

mastoid/o

mastoid process

ot/o

ear

salping/o

tube

staped/o

stapes

tympan/o

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

myring/o

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

-acusia

hearing

-cusis

hearing

-opia

vision

-opisa

vision

-tropia

turning

exo-

outside, outward

hyper-

excessive

achromastopsia

color blindness

Ametopia

failure of light rays to focus sharply on the retina as a result of a defect in the lens, cornea, or shape of the eyeball

astigmatism

distorted vision resulting from a defective curvature of the cornea or lens causing light rays to diffuse over a large area of the retina rather than being sharply focused

hyperopia

visual defect in which the eyeball is too short, and the image falls behind the retina; also called farsightedness

myopia

visual defect in which the eyeball is too long, and the image falls in front of the retina; also called nearsightedness

cataract

opacity that forms on the lens and impairs vision, caused by proteins that slowly build up over time

chalazion

small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid, somewhat similar to a sebaceous cyst

Conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva

drusen

small yellowish deposits composed of retinal pigment cells that develop under the retina and are associated with an increased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration

ectropion

eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid, causing it to pull away from the eye, generally associated with aging and weakness of the small muscles around the eyelid

entropion

inversion, or inward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid, causing friction as the eyelashes and outer eyelid rub against the surface of the eye

Epiphora

abnormal overflow of tears

hordeolum

localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called stye

metamorphosis

visual distortion of objects

nyctalopia

night blindness

nystagmus

type of involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision

papilledema

swelling and hyperemia of the optic disc, usually associated with increased intracranial pressure; also called choked disc

photophobia

unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light

retinaopathy

disease of the retina

Starbismus

misalignment of the eyes so they do not focus on the same object at the same time, sending two different images to the brain also called heterotropia or tropia

trachoma

chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis that typically leads to blindness

anacusis

total deafness

conduction impairment

blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear

labyrinthitis

inflammation of the labyrinth (inner ear), usually results from acute viral disease such as mumps and the flu

Meniere's disease

increased fluid pressure of the endolymphatic system that leads to progressive loss of hearing

noise-induced hearing loss

condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, as a result of sounds that are "too long, too loud, or too close"

otitis externa

infection of the external auditory canal

presbyacusis

impairment of hearing resulting from old age; also called presbyacusia

tinnitus

perception of ringing, hissing, or other sounds in the ears or head when no external sound is present

vertigo

sensation of a spinning motion of oneself or of the surroundings

audiometry

measurement of hearing acuity at various sound-wave frequencies and volume to detect the various types of hearing

caloric stimulation test

test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear (acoustic nerve) to determine if nerve damage is the cause of vertigo

electronystagmography (ENG)

method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring the electrical activity of the extraocular muscles

gonioscopy

examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to determine ocular motility and rotation and diagnose and manage glaucoma

ophthalmodynamometry

measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels

opthalmoscopy

visual examination of the interior of the eye using a handheld instrument called an opthalmoscope, which has various adjustable lenses for magnification and a light source to illuminate the interior of the eye

otoscopy

visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

pneumatic

otoscopic procedure that assesses the ability of the tympanic membrane to move in response to a change in air pressure

retinoscopy

evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays

slit-lamp examination

stereoscopic magnified view of the anterior eye structures in detail, which includes the cornea, lens, iris, sclera, and vitreous humor

tonometry

evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force

tuning fork test

hearing tests using a vibrating tuning fork to determine type of hearing loss

rinne

Tuning fork test that evaluates unilateral hearing loss by comparing sound though bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC); also called air and bone conduction hearing test

weber

Tuning fork test that determines whether hearing loss occurs in the middle ear (conductive hearing loss) or in the auditory nerves or hair cells of the inner ear (sensorineural); also called conductive and sensorineural hearing loss test

dacrycystography

radiographic imaging procedure of the nasolacrimal (tear) glands and ducts

Fluorescence angiography

evaluation of the blood vessels and their leakage in and beneath the retina after injection of Fluorescein dye, which circulates while photographs of the vessels within the eye are obtained

blepharoplasty

cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun

cochlear implant insertion

placement of an artificial hearing device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear; also called bionic ear

cyclodialysis

formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma

enucleation

removal of the entire eyeball from its orbit

Evisceration

removal of the contents of the eye while leaving the sclera and cornea intact

LASIK surgery

procedure using a specialized laser passed through a temporary flap made in the cornea to reshape underlying corneal tissue

otoplasty

corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna

phacoemulsification with lens implant

ultrasonic destruction and removal of a cloudy lens and replacement with a new, clear artificial lens or phaco

pressure equalizing tube (PE tube) placement

insertion of tubes through the tympanic membrane, commonly used to treat chronic otitis median also called tympanostomy tube or ventilation tubes

sclerostomy

surgical formation of an opening in the sclera

tympanoplasty

reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty

ear irrigation

flushing of the ear canal with water or saline to dislodge foreign bodies or impacted cerumen (earwax)

eye refraction test

visual acuity test to determine the prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses if required