APUSH Exam Prep

APUSH Exam Review Flashcards

What was the encomienda system?

A labor system used by the Spanish in the Americas

What is the term for people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry?

Mestizos

What is the Black Legend?

A style of historical writing or propaganda that demonizes the Spanish Empire

Which religious order is associated with missionary work?

Jesuits

What document was signed aboard the Mayflower?

Mayflower Compact

What type of company was used to finance colonies?

Joint stock company

What crop saved Jamestown?

Tobacco

Name the systems that granted land to colonists.

Headright System

What policy allowed the colonists to develop distinct interests and identities?

Salutary Neglect

Name examples of early colonial self-government.

Virginia House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

What acts were part of the British attempt to control colonial trade?

Navigation Acts

What was the Great Awakening?

A religious revival movement

Which colony had the Act of Toleration?

Maryland

What was a key cause of tension in the colonies?

Conflicts between social, religious, and ethnic groups

What was Pope's Rebellion?

Also known as the Pueblo Revolt, was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico

What was the cause of the Beaver Wars?

A series of conflicts fought in the 17th century in Eastern North America

What event was William Penn associated with?

Founding of Pennsylvania

What was Bacon's Rebellion?

An armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley

Who was banished from Massachusetts for religious beliefs?

Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams

What intellectual movement influenced the American Revolution?

The Enlightenment

What ideas did John Locke contribute?

Republican government, consent of governed

Name the acts passed by the British after the French and Indian War.

Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts

What was the Boston Massacre?

A confrontation in which British soldiers shot and killed several colonists.

What were the Coercive Acts also known as?

Intolerable Acts

Who wrote Common Sense?

Thomas Paine

What was the Declaration of Independence?

A document that set a new purpose of war

Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point?

Victory made possible for foreign aid (Franco-American alliance)

Which battle effectively ended the American Revolution?

Battle of Yorktown

What event highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Shays’ Rebellion

What did the Federalist Papers advocate for?

Ratification of the Constitution

What caused the Whiskey Rebellion?

Hamilton's Financial Plans

What treaty was controversial due to the Franco-American alliance?

Jay’s Treaty

What scandal involved French officials demanding bribes?

XYZ Affair

What acts targeted Anti-Federalists/Democratic-Republicans?

Alien and Sedition Acts

What resolutions asserted state's rights?

Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions

What purchase greatly expanded US territory?

Louisiana Purchase

What did the American System include?

Debates over infrastructure

What crisis involved South Carolina's attempts to void federal tariffs?

Nullification Crisis

What invention led to the South's reliance on slavery?

Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney

What was the impact of interchangeable parts

Led to more factory production

Who introduced steam ships?

Robert Fulton

Who introduced Lowell Factories?

Samuel Slater

What was the Midwest known as?

Bread Basket

What road was a major infrastructure project?

Cumberland Road

What religious movement influenced reform?

2nd Great Awakening

Who was involved in the Seneca Falls Convention?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Who was a key abolitionist?

Frederick Douglass

Who was involved in prison reform?

Dorothea Dix

Who promoted public education reform?

Horace Mann

What concept is associated with westward expansion?

Manifest Destiny

What Treaty settled the Oregon boundary?

Oregon Treaty

What was the goal of the Ostend Manifesto?

Cuba takeover goal

What war led to the Mexican Cession?

Mexican American War

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

No slavery expansion in territory gained from war

What law was part of the Compromise of 1850?

Fugitive Slave Law

What Supreme Court decision involved slavery?

Dred Scott decision

What act related to popular sovereignty?

Kansas-Nebraska Act

What book influenced views on slavery?

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

What event involved John Brown?

John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Freed slaves in Confederate territories

Where did the Civil War end?

Appomattox

What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments do?

Abolished slavery, granted citizenship, and granted voting rights

Who were Carpetbaggers?

Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War

Who were Scalawags?

White Southerners who cooperated with Reconstruction governments

Who was Thaddeus Stevens?

A Radical Republican leader

What led to the development of American Economy - Industry in the East & Agriculture in the West?

Transcontinental railroad

Closed shop

A place of work where membership in a union is a condition for employment.

Open shop

A place of work where union membership is not a condition of employment.

Who was Samuel Gompers?

Leader of the AFL (American Federation of Labor)

Who was Eugene Debs?

Labor leader; led the Pullman Strike

What act demonstrated changes in government policy during the Gilded Age to Progressive Era?

Sherman Antitrust Act

What were the 3 C’s of Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal?

Conservation, Consumer Protection, Controlling Corporations

What was Social Darwinism?

A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background.

Who was Jane Addams?

Founder of Hull House

What caused the growth of Imperialism?

America on the World Stage

What sinking contributed to the Spanish American War?

USS Maine/Spanish American War

What policy was associated with John Hay?

Open Door Policy

What amendments are related to Cuba?

Cuba: Platt Amendment

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs

What acts limited civil liberties during WWI?

Espionage and Sedition Acts

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A period of African American artistic and cultural revival

What was the Great Migration?

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North

What did the Fair Employment Practices Commission do?

Tried to prevent discrimination in wartime industries

What Supreme Court case related to Japanese internment?

Korematsu vs US Japanese Internment camps

What group opposed the Treaty of Versailles?

Reservationists + Irreconcilables Treaty of Versailles

What was the Lend-Lease Bill?

Law allowing America to sell arms and supplies to countries at war

What trial highlighted clashes between traditionalism and modernism?

Scopes Trial

What did the 18th Amendment do?

Prohibition with Volstead Act

What were Hoovervilles?

Shanty towns during the Great Depression

What was the Bonus Army?

WWI veterans seeking early payment of a bonus

Which President was in office during the First Hundred Days Congress?

FDR

What was buying on margin?

Purchasing stocks with borrowed money

What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?

Hoover’s unsuccessful efforts

What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff?

High tariff that worsened the Depression

What was the New Deal?

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

What did the CCC do?

Relief program; Civilian Conservation Corps

What did the AAA do?

Recovery program; Agricultural Adjustment Act

What did the Social Security Act do?

Reform program; Provided old-age pensions and unemployment insurance

What was Executive Order 9066?

Mandatory registration for the draft

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A policy of containment against communism