Terrestrial Ecosystem

ecosystem

is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system

abiotic components, biotic components

Two components of ecosystem

Producers, consumers, decomposers

3 types of biotic components

Climatic factors, edaphic factors

2 factors of abiotic components

rain, light, wind, temperature

4 example of cliatic factors

soil, ph, minerals, topography

4example of edaphic factors

primary, secondary, tertiary, quartenary

4 levels of consumers

Natural ecosystems

These types of ecosystems operate by themselves without any major interference by man

Terrestrial, Aquatic

Two types of natural ecosystems

Terrestrial ecosystems

forests, grasslands, deserts, a single log belongs to this ecosystem

Aquatic ecosystems

which may be further distinguished as follows : (a) Fresh water ecosystems. (b) Marine ecosystems

Artificial Ecosystems

These are also called man-made or man-engineered ecosystems.

Terrestrial ecosystem

refers to the ecosystem on land

Biogeographic realms, Biomes

the continental land masses have been classified by bio-geographers and ecologists into two following regions

Biogeographic realms

has six subdivisions

biomes

has seven sub divisions

Palaearctic realm, Nearctic realm, Neotropical realm, Afrotropic realm, Indomalaya realm, Australasia realm

6 Geographic Realms

Palearctic realm

The largest region including whole Europe, Soviet Russia

Nearctic realm

covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida and the highlands of Mexico

Neotrophic realm

It includes the tropical terrestrial of both Americas and the entire South American temperate zone

Afrotropic realm

It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the southern and eastern fringes of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean.

Indomalaya realm

extends from Afghanistan through the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia, east of which lies the Wallace line

Australasia realm

It includes Australia, the island of New Guinea, and the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands and islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor.

Biomes

is a large community unit characterized by the kinds of plants and animals present

Tundra, Taiga, Savanna

give 3 major biomes

Tundra

is type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.

Taiga

is the world's largest land biome, and makes up 29% of the world's forest cover; the largest areas are located in Russia and Canada

Temperate coniferous forest

is a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest

Deciduous forests

a forest of broad-leafed trees that lose their leaves in a single season

grassland

a flat, open area of land covered in grasses

Savanna

is characterized by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close.

The desert biome

cover about one fifth of the Earth's surface and occur where rainfall is less than 50 cm/year

Tropical rainforest

a hot, wet, and dense forest that's found near the equator

Chaparral biomes

is a hot, dry shrubland with a Mediterranean climate. Average temperature 30-40 °F