Chapter 15

What is identified as a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases in the US and other countries?

Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases in the US and other countries.

What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States?

The leading cause of death is heart disease and the second leading cause is cancer.

How frequently do heart attacks occur and cause death in the US?

Every 33 seconds someone will have a heart attack. Every 40 seconds someone dies from a heart attack.

What is the lifetime risk of getting some type of cancer?

The risk of getting some type of cancer in your lifetime is one in three.

Besides heart disease and cancer, name some other leading causes of death with lifestyle-related causes.

Unintentional injuries, respiratory disease, stroke, and diabetes are other leading causes of death related to lifestyle.

What are two respiratory diseases commonly grouped under COPD?

Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis are two respiratory diseases commonly grouped under COPD.

What is a stroke? What are the two main types?

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is inhibited or blocked. The two main types are hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke.

What percentage or ratio of Americans are estimated to be living with diabetes? Which type is most prevalent?

Approximately one in ten Americans are living with diabetes, with type 2 being the most prevalent.

What are some warning signs and symptoms of diabetes?

Frequent urination, unusual thirst, extreme hunger, rapid weight loss, weakness, fatigue, irritability, nausea, and vomiting.

How do Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes differ in terms of insulin production/action?

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production, whereas Type 2 diabetes involves resistance to insulin action.

How is Type 2 diabetes typically treated?

Regular physical activity, dietary restrictions, and weight loss are key in treating Type 2 diabetes.

What are some key health outcomes linked to regular physical activity participation?

Regular physical activity lowers all-cause mortality rates, reduces risk of cardiovascular disease, improves weight management, and enhances brain health.

Describe the dose-response relationship between physical activity and health outcomes.

Changes in the amount of physical activity alter the occurrence and severity of disease; more activity is generally better for health outcomes.

What is a MET value?

A MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) measures the energy cost of physical activity.

What are the US Physical Activity Guidelines key recommendations for adults?

Adults should aim for 150 to 300 minutes of moderate intensity activity or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous intensity activity per week.

What are the three major categories of risk factors for chronic diseases?

Genetic, Environmental, and Behavioral risk factors.

What is the number one actual cause of death?

Smoking is the number one actual cause of death.

What is Atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is the thickening of the inner lining of arteries and plaque formation.

What are the

An epidemiological model used to help establish the cause of chronic diseases.

What are some strategies to counteract the negative effects of prolonged sitting?

Prioritize movement and breaks from sitting, use standing desks, and engage in regular structured exercise.

What percentage of the US population is classified as overweight or obese?

39.8% of adults are obese, and 66.3% are classified as obese or overweight.

What diseases is obesity linked to an increased risk for?

Obesity increases the risk for CHD, Hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, and Cancer.

What is the water cycle?

The water cycle is the continuous movement of water between the earth's surface and the atmosphere.

What are the stages of the water cycle?

The stages of the water cycle include precipitation, collection, condensation, and evaporation.

What is evaporation?

Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a vapor, often due to heat from the sun.

What is condensation?

Condensation is the process by which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water, forming clouds.

What is precipitation?

Precipitation is any form of water that falls from clouds to the earth, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.

What is collection in the water cycle?

Collection refers to the accumulation of water in bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, and oceans, after precipitation