Progressive Era Study Guide-Brown

Seventeenth Amendment

adopted in 1913, provides for the election of the U.S. senators by the people rather than by state legislatures

Nineteenth Amendment

adopted in 1920, gave women the right to vote

Muckraker

magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public life in the early 1900s

Progressive Movement

an early-20th-century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life

Prohibition

the banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages

Dog-eat-dog social movement

the idea that certain people became powerful in society because they are innately better

What is a political machine?

an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in the city; would offer their services to voters & businesses in exchange for political/financial support

How did people commit election fraud?

they used fake names to cast extra votes

Tweed Ring Scandal

charged taxpayers $13 million for the construction of the New York Courthouse when it only cost $3 million

What is the merit system and why was it important?

believed that jobs in government should go to the most qualified person

Who was the 19th president?

Rutherford B. Hayes

What is a Custom House?

place where corruption occurred and jobs were controlled by the Republican Party

Who was the 20th president?

James A. Garfield

What was the first thing Garfield did once elected?

gave reformers most of his patronage jobs

Who was the 21st president?

Chester A. Arthur

What is the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883?

authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs based on merit

Which president supported a bill for lowering the McKinley Tariff Act?

Grover Cleveland

Who was the author of the Jungle?

Upton Sinclair

Who was the authof How the Other Half Lives?

Jacob Riis

In what year did muckraking journalism begin at McCLure’s Magazine?

1902

Who’s work paved the way for the breakup of the political machine?

Lincoln Steffens

What is the Meat Inpection Act of 1906?

regulated the slaughter and processing of meat in the U.S

What is the Pure Food and Drug Act?

protects consumers from unsafe and unhealthy food and drugs

What was the Temperance Movement?

tried to end the sale of alcohol in the U.S.

What is the WCTU and what did they do?

Women’s Christian Temperance Union; spearheaded the crusade for prohibition

What was the Anti-Saloon League and when was it formed?

founded in 1895; lobbied at all levels of government for legislation to prohibit the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages

What was the NACW and what did they do?

the National Association of Colored Women; advocated for women’s rights and for improving the status of African Americans

What was the goal of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?

To discuss the rights of women in society (religion and politics)

What was the NWSA and who founded it?

The National Women’s Suffrage Association was founded by Susan B. Anthony

Who was the lead proponent of women’s suffrage?

Susan B. Anthony

What does suffrage mean?

the right to vote

Who were the Anti-Suffragists?

those who opposed extending the right to vote to women

What were some beliefs of the Anti-Suffragists?

women were: irrational, emotional, frail, should stay at home, could become masculine from voting

What did W.E.B. DuBois advocate for?

for political action and a civil rights agenda

What was Booker T. Wasington’s philosophy?

self-help, racial solidarity and accommodation

Which president was the youngest person to assume the office?

Theodore Roosevelt

What was the purpose of the Square Deal?

to promote fairness for workers, consumers, and large businesses

What were the goals of Taft’s reforms?

democracy, social welfare, economic reform

What was the Payne-Aldrich Act?

tariff reform act

What was the Sixteenth amendment?

gave Congress the right and power to create income taxes

What was Taft’s Southern Policy?

Taft would not appoint African Americans to federal jobs since it would cause racial tension

What was the Bull Moose Party?

Progressive party formed by Theodore Roosevelt

What did the New Freedom aim to tackle?

the Triple Wall of Privilege

What was the Clayton Antitrust Act?

act that regulated business practices to prevent unfair competition and also protected labor unions

In what year was the 18th Amendment ratified?

1919

What was the Triple Wall of Privilege

tariffs, banks, trusts