Microevolution Lab
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21 Terms
Evolution
a change in the inherited characteristics of a population through time.
Natural selection
a particular trait or phenotype has some sort of advantage that can be selected for.
Microevolution
the genetic changes in a population especially over a relatively short period of time.
Population genetics
a branch of genetics that studies the genetic differences of populations.
Population
a group of individuals of the same species that live in a particular area and are able to interbreed with each other.
Genotype
the genetic makeup of a cell that is represented by capital letters for dominant trait and lowercase letters for recessive trait.
Phenotype
the observable characteristics or traits that can be seen in or on the organism.
Gene frequency
the relative frequency of a gene in a population.
There are differences in the physical characteristics and genetic traits of various individuals in a species.
These genetic differences give individuals different rates of survival and reproduction.
Because genetic differences are inherited future generations are more likely to have the favorable traits.
Charles Darwin’s 3 major conclusions
Hypothesis
testable explanation for a set of observations or to predict an outcome.
Fact
data that has been tested or observed so many times that it’s not worth looking for more examples.
Law
a statement that describes or predicts natural phenomena.
Theory
a set of logical accepted facts that attempt to explain why something happens.
Natural selection, mutation, gene flow, genetic drift
4 processes behind genetic changes of microevolution
Natural selection
the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Directional selection
one extreme phenotype has an advantage over other phenotypes (peppered moth)
Disruptive selection
2 extreme phenotypes are selected for and an intermediate phenotype is selected against
Stabilizing selection
neither extreme phenotype is selected for, instead the intermediate phenotype is selected for (human birth weight)
Mutation
a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
Gene flow
the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another population of the same species (migration)
Genetic drift
a change in gene frequency due to random chance.