NCM 104A: Midterm Exam

Rural Health Unit (RHU)

Commonly known as a health center, is a primary level health facility in the municipality focusing on preventive and promotive health services and supervision of Barangay Health Stations (BHS).

Barangay Health Station (BHS)

The first contact health center facility offering basic services at the barangay level; a satellite station of the RHU, manned by volunteer Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) under a Rural Health Midwife.

Barangay Health Worker (BHW)

Interface between the community and the RHU; trained in preventive health care, maternal and child care, family planning, reproductive health, nutrition, and sanitation.

Municipal Health Officer (MHO)

Heads the health services at the municipal level; administrator of the RHU, community physician, and medico-legal officer of the municipality.

Public Health Nurse (PHN)

Supervises and guides all RHMs in the municipality; prepares FHIS reports; collaborates with health team and agencies to provide nursing care.

Registered Health Midwife (RHM)

Manages the Barangay Health Station and supervises Barangay Health Workers; provides midwifery services and executes health programs for women of reproductive age.

Rural Sanitary Inspector

Ensures a healthy physical environment through advocacy, monitoring, and regulation; inspects water supply and sanitation conditions.

Local Health Board

Local health advisory body chaired by the governor or mayor and composed of the health officer, committee on health chair, private sector, and DOH representatives; proposes health budgets and advises on health policies.

Health Referral System

A set of activities undertaken by a health care provider or facility to ensure that patients receive necessary interventions beyond its capacity.

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

Government agency responsible for protecting social welfare rights and promoting development of poor and vulnerable sectors.

National Nutrition Council (NNC)

Agency under DOH responsible for national and local nutrition policy planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.

Commission on Population and Development (CPD/POPCOM)

Government agency responsible for formulating and adopting long-term integrated population and development programs.

Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)

Non-state entities such as civic, religious, or advocacy organizations that participate in community health and development.

Civic Organizations

Volunteer groups promoting public welfare and social services, examples include iVolunteer, Habitat for Humanity, Philippine Red Cross.

Religious Organizations

Churches or faith-based groups that participate in community welfare and moral education.

Schools

Institutions that influence health through education, school health programs, and health promotion.

School Health Services

Component of school health program providing screenings, emergency care, and management of illnesses.

School Health Education

Teaching of topics such as nutrition, personal hygiene, communicable disease prevention, and health habits.

Healthy School Environment

Physical and psychosocial surroundings in school that promote student and staff well-being.

Health Promotion for School Staff

Worksite programs encouraging physical activity, BP control, smoking cessation, and overall wellness.

Family and Community Involvement in School Health

Collaboration between schools, families, and communities to enhance student health outcomes.

Child Protection Policy

Ensures student safety and discipline consistent with dignity; prevents maltreatment, bullying, and abuse.

School Nursing Practice

Nursing specialty combining growth and development, public health, and leadership to manage student health.

Future Issues in School Nursing

Emerging challenges such as technology, climate change, infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance, and cultural diversity.

RA 7160

The Local Government Code of 1991; decentralizes governance and establishes local health boards.

RA 7305

Magna Carta of Public Health Workers ensuring rights, benefits, and protection for health workers.

Family

A group of persons usually living together composed of the head and other persons related to the head by blood, marriage, or adoption; a social unit interacting with a larger society bound by sharing, emotional closeness, and identification as family.

Nuclear Family

Consists of husband, wife, and their children living together as one unit.

Dyad Family

A couple living together without children, such as newly married partners.

Extended Family

Includes the nuclear family plus other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.

Blended Family

A remarried or reconstituted family in which one or both spouses bring children from previous relationships.

Polygamous Family

A compound family structure where one man has several wives (polygyny) or one woman has several husbands (polyandry).

Cohabitation Family

A man and woman living together without legal marriage or formal commitment.

Single-Parent Family

Headed by an unmarried, widowed, or divorced parent caring for children alone.

Gay or Lesbian Family

Same-sex partners living together and possibly raising children through adoption, prior marriage, or assisted reproduction.

Patriarchal Family

Authority and decision-making vested in the oldest male, usually the father.

Matriarchal Family

Authority vested in the mother or oldest female.

Equitarian (Egalitarian) Family

Both spouses share authority and responsibilities equally.

Matricentric Family

Temporarily mother-centered due to father's absence but father remains consulted in decisions.

Family as a Client

The family unit is viewed as the recipient of nursing care; dysfunction of one member affects all others.

Family as a System

The family is an open system interacting with its environment; changes in one part affect the whole.

Functions of the Family

Include procreation and child-rearing, socialization, status placement, economic support, physical maintenance, and protection.

Family Developmental Stages

A sequence of predictable stages from marriage to aging that families experience over time.

Beginning Family

Marriage stage focused on establishing relationship patterns and kin connections, deciding about parenthood.

Parenting First Child

Integrating the new baby and adjusting to new parental roles.

Family with Adolescents

Balancing teenagers' freedom with responsibility while addressing parents' midlife concerns.

Launching Center Family

Releasing young adults into independence while maintaining supportive ties and caring for aging parents.

Middle-Aged Family

Reinventing couple identity from empty nest to retirement.

Aging Family

From retirement to death; adjusting to aging, reduced income, and loss of spouse.

Family Health Tasks

Recognizing health problems, seeking care, managing crises, providing nursing care, maintaining a healthy home, and sustaining community relations.

Healthy Family Characteristics

Good communication, mutual respect, flexibility, humor, coping skills, and community involvement.

Types of Family-Nurse Contact

Home visits, clinic visits, group conferences, telephone calls, and written communication—each with its advantages and disadvantages.

MNCHN Program

Maternal Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition Program ensuring women and children receive essential health services throughout the life cycle to prevent maternal and child deaths.

EINC ("Unang Yakap")

Essential Intrapartum and Newborn Care; evidence-based steps immediately after birth—drying, skin-to-skin contact, delayed cord clamping, early breastfeeding, and rooming-in.

Newborn Screening (NBS)

A heel-prick blood test done 24-48 hours after birth to detect congenital metabolic disorders early; mandated by RA 9288.

Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH)

Inability of the newborn to produce sufficient thyroid hormone, causing growth and mental retardation if untreated.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Endocrine disorder causing salt loss, dehydration, and excess male hormones; fatal if untreated.

Galactosemia (GAL)

Inability to metabolize galactose in milk leading to liver and brain damage.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Inability to break down phenylalanine resulting in brain injury if untreated.

G6PD Deficiency

Lack of G6PD enzyme causing red-blood-cell breakdown after certain drugs, foods, or stress.

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Genetic disorder of amino-acid metabolism producing sweet-smelling urine and neurological damage.

Newborn Hearing Screening

Early detection of congenital hearing loss; mandated by RA 9709 Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Act of 2009.

BEmONC

Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care; facilities capable of six obstetric signal functions and newborn resuscitation.

CEmONC

Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care; performs all BEmONC functions plus caesarean delivery, blood transfusion, and specialized newborn care.

Nutrition Program

Addresses malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin A, iron, iodine) through supplementation, fortification, education, and food production.

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD)

Lack of vitamin A causing night blindness, Bitot's spots, and keratomalacia.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Low hemoglobin in young children and pregnant women leading to pallor and weakness.

Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD)

Result from insufficient iodine intake; cause goiter, mental retardation, and growth failure.

Food Fortification

Addition of nutrients to staple foods to prevent deficiencies; mandatory for rice, flour, sugar, oil, and iodized salt.

RA 8172 "Asin Law"

Requires iodization of all salt for human and animal consumption.

PD 491 Nutrition Act of the Philippines

Creates the National Nutrition Council and mandates coordinated nutrition policies.

RA 8976 Philippine Food Fortification Act of 2000

Mandates fortification of staple foods with essential micronutrients.

mhGAP (Mental Health Gap Action Programme)

WHO initiative adopted by DOH to expand mental-health and substance-use services in primary care.

Family Planning Program (FPP)

Promotes responsible parenthood, informed choice, respect for life, and proper birth spacing for healthier families.

Natural Family Planning Methods

Techniques without artificial devices such as abstinence, calendar, basal-body-temperature, and Standard Days Method.

Artificial Family Planning Methods

Include pills, injectables, IUD, barrier methods, and permanent sterilization.

Cancer Control Program

Aims to reduce cancer incidence and mortality through prevention, early detection, treatment, and palliative care; guided by RA 11215 National Integrated Cancer Control Act.

National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP)

Implements the DOTS strategy for TB diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring to prevent drug resistance.

HIV / AIDS Program

Implements RA 11166 Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018; covers prevention, testing, treatment, and care using updated antiretroviral regimens.

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

Established in 1976 to provide universal access to vaccines for infants, children, and mothers; aims to reduce morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases; supported by RA 10152 Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2010.

Routine Immunization

Regular vaccination schedule delivered at health facilities or outreach points.

Supplemental Immunization Activity (SIA)

Catch-up vaccination campaigns targeting unvaccinated children.

Diphtheria

Contagious bacterial infection of the throat and nose that can obstruct breathing.

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Respiratory infection causing prolonged severe coughing fits.

Tetanus

Bacterial disease of the nervous system causing muscle spasms and lockjaw.

Poliomyelitis (Polio)

Viral infection affecting the spinal cord leading to paralysis.

Hepatitis B

Viral infection of the liver transmitted through blood and body fluids.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Bacterium causing meningitis and pneumonia in young children.

Measles

Highly contagious viral disease marked by fever, cough, and rash; may cause pneumonia or encephalitis.

Mumps

Viral illness causing painful swelling of salivary glands; can result in deafness or sterility.

Rubella (German Measles)

Viral infection with mild rash; dangerous in pregnancy causing congenital defects.

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV)

Protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections such as pneumonia and meningitis.

BCG Vaccine

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine given intradermally at birth to prevent severe childhood tuberculosis.

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

Live-attenuated vaccine given orally to prevent polio.

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

Injectable killed-virus vaccine producing systemic immunity to polio.

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Given intramuscularly at birth and subsequent intervals to prevent liver infection and cancer.

MMR Vaccine

Combination vaccine protecting against measles, mumps, and rubella; given subcutaneously in two doses.

Pentavalent Vaccine

Combination of DPT-HepB-Hib to reduce injections and improve coverage.

Role of the Nurse in Immunization

Includes identifying eligible infants, administering vaccines correctly, maintaining cold chain, educating parents, recording data, and reporting cases of target diseases.

Cold Chain

System of storing and transporting vaccines at recommended temperatures from manufacturer to point of use.