Durr Social Studies (No Maps)

Social Studies makes me lose braincells

What Major Constantinople Event Happened in 330

Byzantium was conquered by Constatine the Great and was renamed Constantinople after him.

What Major Constantinople Event Happened in 476

The Western Roman empire fell by the Germanic Barbarians.

What Major Constantinople Event Happened in 537

Completion of The Hagia Sophia under Emperor Justinian's Rule.

What Major Constantinople Event Happened in 7th/8th Century

Islamic army tries to capture Constantinople but fails.

What Major Constantinople Event Happened in 1054

East-West Schism(The orthodox and the Catholic churches separate from each other)

What Major Constantinople Event Happened in 1096

The first crusades took place after Pope Urban's call to arms in 1095 and the purpose was to take back Jerusalem and other holy sites from muslim control.

What Major Constantinople Event Happened in 1453

The Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople which ended the Byzantine Empire that was led by Sultan Mehmet 2nd.

What Major Constantinople Event Happened in 1923

In 1923, Constantinople (Istanbul) was liberated from Allied occupation, which began in 1918 after World War I. The Allies withdrew in October 1923 following the Treaty of Lausanne, and Turkish troops under Şükrü Naili Pasha entered the city on October 6, marking its liberation, celebrated annually as Istanbul's Liberation Day.

Who was Justinian

He was the first great ruler and under his rule the Hagia Sophia was completed.

Who was Pope Urban 2

He was the one who initiated The crusades and he united the Christian Europeans to take back Jerusalem and the Holy Lands

Who was Osman

He was the founder of the Ottoman Empire and captured territory from the Byzantine Empire

Who was Mehmet 2

He was an Ottoman Sultan during the 15th century and his most notable feat was capturing Constantinople in 1453

Who was Ataturk

Ataturk served as the first president from 1923 who helped modernize Turkey and he turned the Hagia Sophia into a museum to preserve its diverse heritage

What was the Abbasids

The Abbasids were an Arab-Muslim dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads in 750 CE, establishing their capital in Baghdad.

What was the Umayyads

The Umayyads were the first hereditary Muslim dynasty (661–750 CE), ruling from Damascus. They expanded the Islamic empire greatly, reaching North Africa, Spain, and Central Asia, and established Arabic as the official language. They developed an efficient administration, codified Islamic law, and contributed to Islamic architecture, including the Dome of the Rock

What was the Seljuk Turks

The Seljuk Turks were a medieval Turkic nomadic group from Central Asia who established a powerful Sunni Muslim empire in the 11th century. They defeated the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, opening Anatolia to Turkish rule. The Seljuks promoted Islamic culture, governance, and Persian administration, laying the foundation for later empires like the Ottomans. Their empire lasted until the 13th century when it fragmented due to Mongol invasions and internal conflicts.​

What was the Islamic Golden Age

The Islamic Golden Age (8th to 13th century) was a period of great scientific, cultural, and intellectual achievements in the Muslim world. This era also saw the translation of ancient works into Arabic, preservation of classical knowledge, and rich contributions to literature, art, and architecture

What was a Caliph

A Caliph was the head of state in a Caliphate, acting as the political and religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad

What was the East-West Schism

The East-West Schism of 1054 was the official split between the Western Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church due to diffrences

What was the Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars from 1096 to 1291 where European Christians sought to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.

What is the Hagia Sophia

The Hagia Sophia, built in 537 AD in Istanbul, is a historic architectural masterpiece originally constructed as a Christian cathedral by Emperor Justinian I. It was the largest church for nearly a thousand years before becoming a mosque after the Ottoman conquest in 1453. In the 20th century, it was a museum and since 2020 is again a mosque.

What was the Janissaries

the Janissaries were highly trained elite infantry who served the Ottoman sultans loyally until they were abolished in the 19th century. they used firearms.

What was a Jizyah

The Jizyah was a tax historically imposed on non-Muslims living in an Islamic state, serving as a form of payment in exchange for protection and also was used as a punishment.

What is Fundamentalist vs Secular

fundamentalism emphasizes unwavering faith in specific beliefs, while secularism insists on keeping religion and politics separate for a neutral society.​