Block 1

SRM includes the concepts of:

– Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

– Risk Management (RM)

– Task Management (TM)

– Automation Management (AM)

– Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) awareness, &

– Situational Awareness (SA).

Situational Awareness 3 levels

– Perception

– Understanding

– Anticipation

Perceive

the given set of circumstances for a flight (PAVE)

Process

by evaluating their impact on flight safety (CARE)

Perform

by implementing the best course of action (TEAM)

CARE Checklist

C - Consequences

A - Alternatives

R - Reality

E - External pressures

TEAM checklist

T - Transfer

E - Eliminate

A - Accept

M - Mitigate

DECIDE Model

D - Detect
E - Estimate
C - Choose
I - Identify
D - Do
E - Evaluate

What are the Hazardous Attitudes and Antidotes?

Anti-Authority– “Don’t tell me” - Follow the rules.

Impulsivity– “Do it quickly” - Think first. Not so fast.

Invulnerability– “It won’t happen to me” - It could happen to me.

Macho– “I can do it” - Taking chances is foolish.

Resignation– “What’s the use?” - I’m not helpless.

What do UND Safety Policies & Procedures Airplane critical phases of flight include?

• All ground operations

• Taxiing

• Takeoff & Landing

• Any time during an actual or simulated abnormal or emergency procedure

• Conducting required checklist duties

• Operating in IMC conditions

• All flight operations below 3,000 feet AGL, except cruise flight.

What are the Critical phases of flight?

• All ground operations involving taxi,

• Takeoff and landing, and

• All other flight operations conducted below 10,000 feet, except cruise flight

What is apart of Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA)?

– Primary Flight Display (PFD)

– Multi-function Flight Display (MFD)

– Instrument-Certified Global Positioning System (GPS)

– Traffic and Terrain Graphics

– Autopilot

What is Automation Managment Advantages and Disadvantages?

• Advantages

– Increased situational awareness

– Reduced workload and fatigue

– Immediate availability of large quantities of information

• Disadvantages

– Tendency to capture pilot's attention and hold it for long periods

– Information overload

– Complacency

– Deteriorated proficiency in basic flying

• Before any pilot can master aircraft automation, he or she must first know how to fly the aircraft.

Three key flight management skills are needed to fly the advanced avionics safely

• Information

• Automation

• Risk

What makes an aircraft airworthy?

– Compliance with required maintenance inspections (§ 91.409)

– Required certificates and documents checked/on-board

– Required instruments and equipment operable (§ 91.205)

– Preflight inspection confirmed by PIC (§ 91.7

Without an approved Minimum Equipment List provided what are the 4 things we need?

• VFR Day type certificate

• KOEL

• 91.205

• Airworthiness directives

What items in ATOMATOFLAMES do we not have?

1. Temperature gauge

2. Manifold pressure gauge

3. Landing gear position indicator

Under 91.205 what Instrument Flight Rules are required?

Instrument & Equipment specified in VFR (day) & VFR (night) per § 91.205.

• Navigation equipment suitable for the route to be flown

• Alternator or generator

• Sensitive altimeter (adjustable for barometric pressure)

• Two-way radio communication

• Clock (displaying hours, minutes, and seconds)

• Attitude Indicator (gyroscopic pitch and bank indicator)

• Rate-of-turn Indicator

• Directional gyro

• Slip-skid indicator

What equipment do you need when above FL240?

An aircraft equipped with approved DME or a suitable RNAV system.

What must be logged when putting information into maintenance records?

– A description of work

– The date of completion of the work

– The signature, and certificate number of the person approving the aircraft for return to service

The record should be retained until the work is repeated or superseded by other work or for 1 year after the work is performed

What information must be kept in the aircraft book for a VOR check?

– Date

– Place

– Bearing error

– Signature

Three Sensory Systems for Orientation

Visual (70-90%)

Vestibular

Postural

Types of Optical Illusions

• Runway width illusion

• Runway and terrain slopes illusion

• Ground lighting illusions

• Featureless terrain illusion

• Atmospheric illusions

What does a pilot sense when it comes to a narrow runway?

Pilot senses higher than actual, resulting in a low approach or flare too low.

What does a pilot sense when it comes to a wide runway?

Pilot seems lower than actual, resulting in a high approach or flare too high.

What does a pilot sense when it comes to an Up-Sloping Runway?

Pilot feels higher than normal approach path, so the reaction is to have a lower glide path and land short of the runway

What does a pilot sense when it comes to an Down-Sloping Runway?

Pilot feels lower than normal approach path, so the reaction is to have a higher glide path making the landing long

Ground Lighting Illusions when there is a bright lighting runway and a dimly lighted runway?

Bright: Appear closer than normal, resulting in flying high and steep approach

Dimly: Appears further away than normal, resulting in flying lower and shallow approach.

Featureless Terrain Illusion

Illusion will make pilot think they are at higher altitude than it actually is, and will fly a lower approach.

Atmospheric Illusions

Due to fog, haze

Pilot seems higher than actual, if not recognize will steepen the approach.

What are the parts of the vestibular system?

– Otolith organs (linear acceleration)

• Cupola and hairs detect acceleration/movement

— Semicircular Canals (angular turning acceleration) ‘

• 3 semiscirular canals (pitch, roll, or yaw)

• Start of turn, constant turn, turn stopped