Feeds Exam #3

The average body condition score of a mare at foaling should be _____.

6 to 7

Which of the following feeding scenarios for lactating dairy cows would most likely cause the fat content in milk to be reduced?

A reduction in the particle size of the forage used in the diet

Inclusion of a forage in the diet with a higher acid detergent fiber content

Inclusion of a forage containing a higher proportion of lignin

Substituting wheat grain with corn grain in the diet

A reduction in the particle size of the forage used in the diet

What is the recommended minimum amount of forage that a 1000 lb horse should consume?

10 lb

Dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet will have a HIGHER rumen concentration of _____________ than dairy cows fed a high-roughage diet.

butyric acid

propionic acid

acetic acid

propionic acid

Adding fat to the supplement of a horse will cause the protein to calorie ratio to _________________.

Decrease

Increase

Remain the same

Decrease

The essential amino acid (EAA) requirements per unit of energy [EAA/Mcal DE ratio] are lowest for which of the following?

Exercising horses

Lactating mares

Late pregnant mares

Nursing foals

Exercising horses

A low concentration of blood _____________ in lactating dairy cows is associated with milk fever.

Phosphorus

Magnesium

Calcium

Copper

Sulfur

Calcium

Feeding forages that are too high in potassium to dry dairy cows can increase the incidence of milk fever.

True

False

True

Which of the following is the correct ranking of physiological priorities (highest to lowest) for Phase III lactating cows?

Lactation > Reproduction > Growth > Maintenance

Reproduction > Lactation > Maintenance > Growth

Reproduction > Growth > Maintenance > Lactation

Maintenance > Lactation > Growth > Reproduction

Reproduction > Growth > Maintenance > Lactation

Which of the following forages are generally safe to feed to horses without potential toxicity problems?

sorghum hay

fescue hay

bermudagrass hay

kleingrass hay

bermudagrass hay

Compared to corn, wheat is MORE likely to cause milk fat depression in dairy cows.

True

False

True

Which group of pigs has a lower dietary requirement for essential amino acids?

Non-paylean fed pigs

Paylean fed pigs

Non-paylean fed pigs

Which of the following amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids in a swine diet?

methionine, threonine, tryptophan

lysine, glycine, threonine

threonine, methionine, valine

methionine, threonine, tryptophan

During phase II of lactation (mid lactation), maintenance of body weight receives the LOWEST priority.

True

False

True

How does adding fat to the diet of a performance horse improve its endurance?

Horses that have been adapted to a fat-supplemented diet will be able to exercise for a longer period of time before they shift into anaerobic metabolism. The use of muscle glycogen will be spared for use later during the period of exercise compared to the horse that is not adapted toa fat-supplemented diet.

Adding fat will enhance essential amino acid absorption

Horses that have been adapted to a fat-supplemented diet will be able to exercise for a longer period of time before they shift into anaerobic metabolism. The use of muscle glycogen will be spared for use later during the period of exercise compared to the horse that is not adapted toa fat-supplemented diet.

During which month of the year will adding fat to the diet of a pig fed in Texas MOST likely IMPROVE feed efficiency (i.e., reduce amount of feed required to produce a pound of gain)?

July

October

April

January

July

Dairy cows are typically in thin body condition after phase II of lactation. It is recommended that cows have a body condition score of 3.5 at calving. From the end of phase II until calving, when is the best time to put body condition back on the cow?

phase IV of the dry period

phase III of lactation

phase V of the dry period

No answer text provided.

phase III of lactation

List TWO amino acids that are available commercially in synthetic form for use in pig diets.

Lysine, Methionine

During which production phase(s) is it recommended that urea not be included in the ration for dairy cows

phase I and II

phase III and IV

phase I and II

In dairy cows, peak mild production occurs during phase ______ of lactation and peak dry matter intake occurs during phase ______ of lactation.

I and II

I and III

II and IV

I and II

Which of the following is an advantage to having mares at the recommended body condition score at foaling compared to having them too thin at foaling.

fewer cycles/ conception

Delayed pregnancy

fewer cycles/ conception

Which item on a feed tag is the "BEST" indicator of the digestible energy content for a horse?

crude protein

crude fat

crude fiber

crude fiber

Compared to corn, wheat is MORE likely to cause milk fat depression in dairy cows

True

False

Correct

Which of the following feeding scenarios would a sudden change in the diet of lactating dairy cow would cause a depression in the percentage of fat produced in the milk.

a. Reduction in the proportion of roughage in the diet

b. Increase in the particle size of the roughage portion of the diet

c. Use of a different forage in the diet that had a higher total fiber content

a. Reduction in the proportion of roughage in the diet

For which feed will bioavailability of phosphorus be the LOWEST?

dicalcium phosphate

corn

fish meal

Corn

For which of the following feeds will the heat increment be the LOWEST?

corn grain

bermudagrass hay

rendered animal fat

rendered animal fat

Which physiological function receives LOWEST priority during phase I of lactation?

Reproduction

Lactation

Maintenance

Growth

Maintenance

The protein quality of cereal grain by-product feedstuffs is SIMILAR to the protein quality of the original cereal grain.

True

False

True

Adding fat to a commercial horse feed containing 14% crude protein will [ __________________ ] the protein:calorie ratio.

decrease

The LOWER CRITICAL TEMPERATURE of a growing pig will be (lower,higher) ______________ than the LOWER CRITICAL TEMPERATURE of a sow.

higher

Which of the following protein feedstuffs would be "best" to feed growing horses to ensure that amino acid requirements are met?

a. canola meal

b. cottonseed meal

c. soybean meal

d. peanut meal

c. soybean meal

An increase in the effective fiber level of a lactating dairy cow ration will cause:

a. Rumen pH to decrease

b. Milk fat levels to decrease

c. Milk fat levels to increase

d. Rumen pH to stabilize

c. Milk fat levels to increase

Dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet will have a HIGHER rumen concentration of _____________ than dairy cows fed a high-roughage diet.

butyric

propionic

acetic

propionic

In pigs, the calcium to phosphorus ratio [Ca:P] should be formulated to be in which of the following ranges?

a. 1:1 to 1.5:1

b. 1.5:1 to 2:1

c. 0.5:1 to 1:1

a. 1:1 to 1.5:1

It is recommended that a 1200 lb horse consume at least ____ lbs of forage per day.

12

Which of the following grains will LEAST likely cause milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows?

whole corn

steam-flaked corn

dry-rolled corn

whole corn

The metabolic precursor of milk fat synthesis is ___________?

butyric

lactic

acetic

acetic

The rumen pH of a dairy cow will likely fluctuate more [go up and down throughout the day] for which of the following cows?

cows fed a total mixed ration

cows fed forages and grain supplements separately

cows fed forages and grain supplements separately

Digestible energy requirements are increased _______% above maintenance in horses that are exercised at an intense level.

100

Which of the following is an ADVANTAGE to using a traditional feeding system, where forages and concentrates are fed separately, compared to using the total mixed ration feeding system for dairy cows.

a. Cost of grazing forages is less than cost of harvesting forages

b. Cows will produce more milk

a. Cost of grazing forages is less than cost of harvesting forages

The optimal body condition score (1 to 9) for a mare prior to foaling is 4.

True

False

False

The bioavailability of phosphorus from corn is HIGHER for pigs than cows.

True

False

False

The proportion of fiber-loving microbes will DECREASE as rumen pH DECREASES.

True

False

True

When fat is added to horse rations, feed intake will DECREASE.

True

False

True

This grain can be fed to horses without first being processed (cracked or rolled).

barley

wheat

corn

oats

oats

Roughage value index is a measure of _____________.

particle size of feedstuff

the texture of feedstuff

the time a cow chews/kg of feed

the fibrous nature of feedstuff

the time a cow chews/kg of feed

Feeding a calcium deficient diet to dairy cows during the dry period can help to prevent milk fever.

True

False

True

Which minerals are causing the most concern regarding the impact of animal waste on the quality of water?

a. potassium and chlorine

b. copper and sodium

c. phosphorus and nitrogen

c. phosphorus and nitrogen

The protein:calorie ratio requirement [g CP per Mcal of DE] is LOWEST for:

mature mares at maintenance

lactating mares

nursing foals

pregnant mares

mature mares at maintenance

Buffers can be added to lactating dairy cow rations to help prevent which of the following?

Ketosis

Mastitis

Milk fat depression

Milk fever

Milk fat depression

Which of the following MICROMINERALS will MOST likely be deficient in growing pigs fed a corn:soybean ration?

Ca

Cu

Iron

Magnesium

Iron

Which of the following protein supplements has the HIGHEST relative lysine value [concentration of lysine relative to amount of protein]?

corn gluten meal

cottonseed meal

blood meal

soybean meal

blood meal

Of the total feed required to produce hogs (conception to slaughter), what proportion is used by market hogs (weaning to slaughter)?

10

20

40

60

80

80

Which of the following minerals are cations or alkalogenic minerals that are used to determine the cation-anion balance in dairy cow rations?

copper and phosphorus

chlorine and sulphur

sodium and potassium

No answer text provided.

sodium and potassium

The following are all net energy values for alfalfa hay. Select the value below that most likely represents the net energy for growth [NEg] value of alfalfa hay.

1.31 Mcal/kg

1.35 Mcal/kg

0.74 Mcal/kg

0.74 Mcal/kg

Which physiological function receives HIGHEST priority during phase III of lactation?

lactation

reproduction

growth

maintanence

reproduction

Which of the following reasons explains why inadequate dietary fiber in rations provided to dairy cows will lead to a decrease in milk fat synthesis (select all that are applicable):

lower rumination time

lower rumen pH

higher production of saliva

lower fiber digestion

higher acetic acid production

lower acetic acid production

lower rumination time

lower rumen pH

lower fiber digestion

lower acetic acid production

It is better to consider the total chemical fiber (NDF, ADF) in a ration instead of physically effective fiber

True

False

False

Which of the following are factors influencing the effective fiber of a feed for dairy cows? (select all of the following that apply)

particle size of diet

amount of fiber in the diet

type of fiber in the diet

sodium bicarbonate levels in the diet

particle size of diet

amount of fiber in the diet

type of fiber in the diet

The crude protein:calorie ratio requirement [g CP per Meal of DE] is highest for:

Exercising mature horses

Pregnant mares

Nursing foals

Yearling horses

Nursing foals

One method of preventing milk fever in dairy cows is to ensure that the cation-anion balance

of the diet during Phase V (transition period) is within the following range.

-200 to -300 meq/100 g DM

-10 to -15 meq/100 g DM

+10 to +15 meq/100 g DM

+200 to +300 meq/100 g DM

-10 to -15 meq/100 g DM

In what units are equine energy requirements typically expressed for the purposes of ration

formulation?

Gross energy

Digestible energy

Metabolizable energy ·

Net energy

Total digestible nutrients

Digestible energy

Alfalfa hay that has blister beetles should not be fed to horses because the beetles contain a

toxic compound called ______ _

Nitrate

Prussic acid

Dicoumarin

Cantharadin

Sapponins

Cantharadin

Which class of horses will most likely need to be fed diets that contain a higher proportion of

concentrate feeds compared to forage feeds to meet nutritional requirements?

a. Lactating mares

b. Pregnant mares

c. Weanling horses

d. Light exercising horses

c. Weanling horses

Which of the following protein supplements has the highest relative lysine value?

a. Soybean meal

b. Cottonseed meal

c. Fish meal

d. Corn gluten meal

e. Canola meal

a. Soybean meal

For which of the following feeds will heat increment be the highest?

a. Wheat grain

b. Bermudagrass hay

c. Soybean meal

d. Corn silage

e. Animal rendered fat

b. Bermudagrass hay

The primary goal of the Phase V feeding program for dairy cows is to _____ ?

a. Provide properly formulated diet to restore body fat tissue reserves

b. Provide properly formulated diet to enhance mammary gland development

c. Provide properly formulated diet to acclimate rumen microbes to the Phase I diet

d. Provide properly formulated diet to minimize milk fat depression

e. Provide properly formulated diet to enhance reproductive efficiency

c. Provide properly formulated diet to acclimate rumen microbes to the Phase I diet

Which species will have the highest bioavailability of phosphorus when fed high-grain diets?

Beef cattle

Pigs

Horses

Beef cattle

Pigs not fed Paylean (feed additive) will have ____ rates of lean tissue growth, and

____ essential amino acid requirements compared to pigs that are fed Paylean.

a. Increased AND Higher

b. Decreased AND Higher

c. Increased AND Lower

d. Decreased AND Lower

e. Similar AND Similar

d. Decreased AND Lower

Dietary buffers can be added to lactating dairy cow rations to help prevent which of the

following nutritional disorders?

a Milk fat depression

b. Ketosis

c. Mastitis

d. Milk fever

e. Urinary calculi

a Milk fat depression

You have just purchased a supplement for your horses that you are training for an

endurance event. The feed tag states that the supplement contains 14% crude fat. How much added fat from feed ingredients like vegetable oil did the feed company likely include in this supplement?

3%

7%

11%

15%

11%

You have purchased a supplement from Producers COOP that was specifically formulated to meet requirements of weanling horses. To make sure that your weanlings do not colic or founder, you decide to mix oat grain with the supplement (50% of each). Adding oat grain to the supplement will cause the calcium:phosphorus ratio of the supplement mix to

Decrease

Increase

Remain the same

Decrease

Feeding dairy cows rations with the recommended Dietary Cation Anion Balance (DCAB) during the dry period will help to prevent milk fever. Select the answer below that correctly identifies the Cation and Anion mineral concentrations that are used to determine DCAB

for dairy cows.

a. Anions (chlorine, sulfur) AND Cations (magnesium, calcium)

b. Anions (calcium, potassium) Cations (chlorine, sulfur)

c. Anions (chlorine, potassium) Cations (magnesium, sodium)

d Anions (phosphorus, sulfur) Cations (calcium, potassium)

e. Anions (chlorine, sulfur) Cations (sodium, potassium)

e. Anions (chlorine, sulfur) Cations (sodium, potassium)

Which of the following are b-complex vitamins that will most likely need to be added to horse rations to prevent deficiency problems?

a. Riboflavin and Folic acid

b. Niacin and Riboflavin

c. Thiamin and Biotin

d. Vitamin B12 and Biotin

e. Folic acid and Thiamin

c. Thiamin and Biotin

Which of the following grain sources will most likely result in the lowest concentration of milk fat if included in a diet for lactating cows at 35% (OM basis)?

a. Dry-rolled corn grain

b. Dry-rolled barley grain

c. Dry-rolled wheat grain

d. Dry-rolled milo (sorghum) grain

c. Dry-rolled wheat grain

Which of the following would be the least desirable protein feedstuffs to include in a

supplement formulated to meet essential amino acid requirements for weanling horses?

a. Canola meal

b. Cottonseed meal

c. Peanut meal

d. Soybean meal

e. Corn gluten meal

e. Corn gluten meal

Which of the following can be added to pig diets to improve the bioavailability of phosphorus

and reduce the amount of phosphorus excreted in the manure?

a. Sucrase

b. Cellulase

c. Phytase

d. Lipase

e. Trypsin

c. Phytase

For which phase of production in growing pigs will the dietary requirement for essential amino acids the lowest?

a. Grower phase (60-100 lb)

b. Finisher phase (120-180 lb)

c. Starter phase ( 10-40 lb)

b. Finisher phase (120-180 lb)

Which of the amino acids listed below are most likely to be rate limiting in swine rations?

a. Arginine,-Histidine, Tyrosine

b. Histidine, Methionine, Lysine

c. Tyrosine, Methionine and leucine.

d. Threonine, Tryptophan and Lysine

e. Methionine, leucine and threonine

d. Threonine, Tryptophan and Lysine

Microbial fermentation that results in more ___ will result in higher concentrations of

milk fat to be produced.

a. Butyric acid

b. Lactic acid

c. Propionic acid

d. Acetic acid

d. Acetic acid

Which 2 items on a feed tag will provide the most useful information to estimate the

digestible energy content of horse supplements?

a. Crude protein AND Crude fat

b. Crude fiber AND Crude protein

c. Crude fat AND Crude fiber

d. Nitrogen free extract AND Crude fiber

e. Crude protein AND Nitrogen free extract

c. Crude fat AND Crude fiber

Which of the following feeds has the highest bioavailability of phosphorus?

a. Corn grain

b. Soybean meal

c. Dicalcium phosphate

d. Cottonseed meal

e. Milo (sorghum) grain

c. Dicalcium phosphate

Which of the following does NOT affect the effective fiber of a feed for dairy cows.

a. Particle size of feed

b. Concentration of fiber carbohydrate in feed

c. Concentration of fat in feed

d. Proportion of lignin in NDF content of feed

c. Concentration of fat in feed

T/F Social dominance problems (e.g., boss cows compared to timid cows) are more

prevalent in dairy operations that use the total mixed ration system compared to

the traditional feeding system (Forages fed separately from concentrate feeds).

F

T/F The bioavailability of lysine in fish meal is better than lysine bioavailability in cottonseed meal.

T

T/F Phosphorus requirements of starter pigs (20-50 lb) are similar to phosphorus

requirements of finisher pigs (180-220 lb).

F

T/F When fat is added to horse supplements, the Ca:calorie ratio (g calcium per Meal

DE) will be reduced compared to the Ca:calorie ratio of original supplement.

T

T/F The optimal body condition score for mares prior to foaling is 6.

T

T/F Rumen pH of dairy cows fed corn grain will be lower than in dairy cows fed wheat

grain.

F

T/F During phase I of lactation (early lactation), maintenance of body weight receives

the lowest priority.

T

T/F The proportion of starch-loving microbes will increase as rumen pH decreases.

T

T/F Feeding a calcium-deficient diet to dairy cows during the dry period to prevent

ketosis.

F

T/F Rumensin (e.g., monensin) is a feed additive approved for cattle, but will not harm horses if fed to them.

T

T/F One pound of urea can be converted to 2.81 lb of microbial protein if properly fed

to a ruminant animal.

T

Select the 2 stages of production that are considered to be the most critical in terms of meeting the nutritional requirements of ewes to ensure profitability of a commercial flock

(_circle 2 answers)?

6 weeks prior to lambing

6 weeks after lambing

6 weeks after weaning

3 weeks prior to breeding to 3 weeks after breeding

6 weeks prior to start of 3rd trimester of gestation

3 weeks prior to breeding to 3 weeks after breeding

6 weeks prior to lambing

select the option for which urea will be most effectively used in

ruminant diets

Steers fed high-grain diets

Steers fed high-roughage diets

Lambs fed diets with fish meal as primary natural

protein source

Lambs fed diets with soybean meal as primary natural

protein source

Diets fed to dairy cows during phase I of lactation

Diets fed to dairy cows during phase Ill of lactation

Steers fed high-grain diets

Lambs fed diets with fish meal as primary natural

protein source

Diets fed to dairy cows during phase Ill of lactation

Lactating dairy cows fed using the traditional feeding method will likely produce less milk fat than dairy cows fed a total mixed ration. Briefly describe why milk fat depression will more likely occur when the traditional feeding method is used.

?

Briefly describe one additional advantage to using the TMR method to feed lactating dairy cows.

?

Briefly describe one advantage to using the traditional feeding method to feed

lactating dairy cows.

?

Which of the following is not a positive outcome to adding fat to swine diets (Circle the correct answer)?

o Feed per unit gain is reduced

o Heat increment is reduced

o Amount of dust is reduced

o Carcass fat is reduced

o Pig death loss is reduced

o Carcass fat is reduced