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number of bones babies are bond with
300
mature to have .... bones
206
bone function
movement, support, protection, mineral storage and blood cell formation
2 types of bone
based on tissue
1. compact
2.spongy
different shape types of bone
1.long 2.short 3.irregular 4.flat 5.sesamoid
axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
(core)
appendicular skeleton
limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
long bones so contains more bone marrow
3 parts of the locomotor system
1.axial skeleton 2.appendicular skeleton 3. connective tissue -tendons and ligaments
skeletal muscles and homeostasis
generate heat, muscle contraction requires energy hence shivering triggered
smooth muscle
involuntary single nucleus cells
blood vessels digestive tract and hollow organs
Striated muscle tissue
is a muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres. The presence of sarcomeres manifests as a series of bands visible along the muscle fibers, which is responsible for the striated appearance observed in microscopic images of this tissue.
cardiac muscle
involuntary singe nucleus cells only found in the wall of the heart
function to pump blood
how is the cardiac muscle adapted
1) Intercalated discs and cross bridges speed up impulse conduction
2) High levels of mitochondria and myoglobin enable respiration
3) Myogenic tissue can contract without direct control
bone marrow
a connective tissue where blood cells formed
vertebrae
the 33 individual bones that interlock with each other to form the spinal column
ribs
a series of curved bones in a persons chest that protect the internal organs
cartillage
flexible connective tissue found in many parts of the body
bends slightly
resists stretching
function - cushions all the joints
allows gliding movement and reduces friction between bones
muscle contraction
shorten muscle tissue and potentially increase pressure
joints
articulations between bones which usually involves connective tissue to bridge the gap
3 types of joints
1.synovial -knee fibrous join
2.teeth and cartilaginous joint
3.intervertebral discs
sprain
tear in a ligament
dislocation
when bones are no longer in contact
fracture
breaking of the bone
fractures can be simple/complete/compound
simple fracture
no damage to surrounding soft tissue
complete fracture
damage to surrounding soft tissue
compound fracture
shards of bone punctures skin
osteoporosis
steady deterioration of the bone mass, demineralization of the bone
(pores -minerals)
osteoarthritis
mechanical stress or disease that results in the wearing away of cartilage between the bone
(arthritis-old-wearing away )
rheumatoid arthritis
degenerative condition resulting from the immune system attacking certain joints