Biology -Human Body - 2. Locomotor system

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29 Terms

1
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number of bones babies are bond with

300

2
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mature to have .... bones

206

3
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bone function

movement, support, protection, mineral storage and blood cell formation

4
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2 types of bone

based on tissue

1. compact

2.spongy

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different shape types of bone

1.long 2.short 3.irregular 4.flat 5.sesamoid

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axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

(core)

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appendicular skeleton

limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

long bones so contains more bone marrow

8
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3 parts of the locomotor system

1.axial skeleton 2.appendicular skeleton 3. connective tissue -tendons and ligaments

9
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skeletal muscles and homeostasis

generate heat, muscle contraction requires energy hence shivering triggered

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smooth muscle

involuntary single nucleus cells

blood vessels digestive tract and hollow organs

11
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Striated muscle tissue

is a muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres. The presence of sarcomeres manifests as a series of bands visible along the muscle fibers, which is responsible for the striated appearance observed in microscopic images of this tissue.

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cardiac muscle

involuntary singe nucleus cells only found in the wall of the heart

function to pump blood

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how is the cardiac muscle adapted

1) Intercalated discs and cross bridges speed up impulse conduction

2) High levels of mitochondria and myoglobin enable respiration

3) Myogenic tissue can contract without direct control

14
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bone marrow

a connective tissue where blood cells formed

15
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vertebrae

the 33 individual bones that interlock with each other to form the spinal column

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ribs

a series of curved bones in a persons chest that protect the internal organs

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cartillage

flexible connective tissue found in many parts of the body

bends slightly

resists stretching

function - cushions all the joints

allows gliding movement and reduces friction between bones

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muscle contraction

shorten muscle tissue and potentially increase pressure

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joints

articulations between bones which usually involves connective tissue to bridge the gap

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3 types of joints

1.synovial -knee fibrous join

2.teeth and cartilaginous joint

3.intervertebral discs

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sprain

tear in a ligament

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dislocation

when bones are no longer in contact

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fracture

breaking of the bone

fractures can be simple/complete/compound

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simple fracture

no damage to surrounding soft tissue

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complete fracture

damage to surrounding soft tissue

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compound fracture

shards of bone punctures skin

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osteoporosis

steady deterioration of the bone mass, demineralization of the bone

(pores -minerals)

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osteoarthritis

mechanical stress or disease that results in the wearing away of cartilage between the bone

(arthritis-old-wearing away )

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rheumatoid arthritis

degenerative condition resulting from the immune system attacking certain joints