Bioenergetics, Homeostasis, and Transport Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering bioenergetics, homeostasis, and transport, focusing on key concepts for exam preparation.

What is the function of photosynthesis?

Converts light energy into chemical energy

What is the function of cellular respiration?

Converts chemical energy into ATP

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Inside the cytoplasm

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Mitochondria

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

CO2 + H2O

What are the products of photosynthesis?

C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2

What are the products of cellular respiration?

CO2 + H2O + ATP

Which organelle converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?

Mitochondria

True or False: Cellular respiration occurs in plant and animal cells.

True

A student observes a small, green organelle in a plant cell. Which energy transformation most likely occurs first within the observed organelle?

Light to chemical

A student made lists of structures observed in cells from two different organisms. Which statement describes the most likely difference in the way that organism 1 and organism 2 obtain energy?

Only organism 2 transforms food energy into ATP during cellular respiration.

Write the balanced equation for Photosynthesis.

CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

Write the balanced equation for Cellular Respiration.

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

Which statement correctly describes one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Both include reactions that transform energy.

A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?

Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process.

What is the name of the energy currency molecule of the cell?

ATP

A protein in a cell membrane changed its shape to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. Which molecule was most likely used by the protein as an energy source?

ATP

Which statement best describes a direct role of ATP in a paramecium?

ATP provides the energy to move cilia.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Regulate the exchange of materials in and out of the cell

What determines the direction that carbon dioxide and oxygen molecules move across a plasma membrane?

Concentration gradient across the plasma membrane

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells?

They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell.

How does facilitated diffusion differ from diffusion?

Facilitated uses membrane proteins; simple diffusion does not; both move molecules

How is diffusion different from osmosis?

Diffusion is movement of any substance; osmosis is movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Distinguish between active and passive transport.

Passive transport requires no energy; active transport does

Define Hypertonic.

A solution with a greater concentration of solute compared to a cell.

Define Hypotonic.

A solution with a lower concentration of solute compared to a cell.

Define Isotonic.

Concentration of the solute is the same on both sides of the membrane

Which cell process is best modeled by the diagram?

Osmosis

A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane?

Sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion.

What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A network inside a cell through which proteins and lipids move

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together in eukaryotic cells. What is one way that the rough endoplasmic reticulum assists the Golgi apparatus?

It packages new protein molecules into vesicles.

What is meant by the term homeostasis?

Process by which organisms keep their internal conditions stable.

What is a contractile vacuole and how can it be used to maintain homeostasis?

Specialized organelle in some unicellular organisms that functions to regulate osmotic pressure by pumping out water; by maintaining homeostasis they collect and expel excess water, prevents the cell from bursting

Which example is an activity that a fish most likely uses to maintain homeostasis within its body?

Exchanging gases through its gills to regulate oxygen levels

How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells?

It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes.

During which condition will the action of shivering most help a bumblebee to maintain homeostasis?

Low environmental temperature