60s PEDLIGS

Alan Shepard

First American in space 1961

Jack Ruby

Killed Lee Harvey Oswald, JFK´s assassin

Lee Harvey Oswald

Assassinated President Kennedy in 1963

Tom Hayden

SDS leader; co-authored Port Huron Statement

Dolores Huerta

Labor leader; co-founded United Farm Workers with Cesar Chavez

William Buckley

Conservative writer; founded National Review, shaped modern conservatism

Richard Nixon

37th U.S. president; ended Vietnam War, resigned after Watergate scandal

Walter Cronkite

Influential CBS news anchor; his reporting swayed public opinion during Vietnam

Betty Friedan

Author of ¨The Feminine Mystique¨; sparked the modern women´s movement

John F. Kennedy

35th U.S. president; led during Cuban Missile Crisis, pushed New Frontier

Robert Kennedy

U.S. Attorney General and senator; civil rights supporter, assassinated in 1968

Barry Goldwater

Conservative senator; 1964 Republican presidential nominee, sparked modern conservatism

James Meredith

First Black student at the University of Mississippi; his enrollment led to riots

Vivian Malone

One of the first Black students to integrate the University of Alabama in 1863

James Hood

helped integrate the University of Alabama; stood up to Governor Wallace

Stokley Carmichael

Civil rights activist; led SNCC, promoted Black Power

Tommy Smith and John Carlos

Olympic athletes who raised fists for Black Power at the 1968 Olympics

Fannie Lou Hamer

Civil rights leader; helped found the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Bobby Seale and Huey Newton

Co-founders of the Black Panther Party; advocated Black Power and self-defense

George Wallace

Segregationist Alabama governor; ran for president in 1968

MLK Jr.

Led the Civil Rights Movement; promoted nonviolence, assassinated in 1968

Malcolm X

Black Muslim Leader; promoted Black nationalism and self-defense

Robert McNamara

Secretary of Defense under JFK/LBJ; escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam

Cesar Chavez

Farm worker leader; co-founded United Farm Workers, fought for labor rights

Bay of Pigs 1961

Failed U.S. invasion of Cuba to overthrow Castro

Commission on the Status of Women 1961

Jfk panel studying women´s rights

Berlin Wall 1961

Activists rode buses to challenge segregation in the South

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

U.S.-Soviet standoff over missiles in Cuba; closest to nuclear war

March on Washington 1963

Massive civil rights protest; MLK´s ¨I Have a Dream¨ speech.

Birmingham Campaign 1963

Civil rights protests in Alabama; led to public support for civil rights

Sinking of the USS Maddox 1964

Incident in Gulf of Tonkin led to more U.S. involvement in Vietnam

Freedom Summer 1964

Voter registration drive for Black Americans in Mississippi

Selma March 1965

Protest for voting rights; led to Voting Rights Act

Delano Grape Strike 1965

Farm workers´ strike for better pay; led by Chavez and Huerta

Six Day War 1967

Brief war in Middle East; Israel defeated Arab nations

Tet Offensive 1968

Surprise attack by Vietcong; turned U.S. opinion against Vietnam War

Democratic National Convention 1968

Violent protests in Chicago over Vietnam War

My Lai Massacre 1968

U.S. soldiers killed Vietnamese civilians; fueled antiwar sentiment

Apollo 11 1969

First humans landed on the Moon

Vietnam Draft 1969

U.S. instituted lottery to draft soldiers for Vietnam

Stonewall Riots 1969

LGBTQ+ protests in NYC; started gay rights movement

Conscience of a Conservative 1960

Book by Goldwater; promoted conservative ideas

Sharon Statement 1960

Manifesto by Young Americans for Freedom; outlined conservative principles

Silent Spring 1962

Rachel Carson´s book on dangers of pesticides; started environmental movement

Port Huron Statement 1962

SDS manifesto calling for participatory democracy

The Feminine Mystique 1963

Book by Friedan; challenged traditional roles for women

MLK´s ¨Letter from Birmingham Jail¨ 1963

Defense of civil disobedience for civil rights.

Warren Report 1964

Official Investigation of JFK´s assassination

Kerner Report 1968

Government report blaming racism for urban riots

Nixon Doctrine 1969

Nixon´s policy to reduce U.S. role in foreign conflicts

Civil Rights Act 1964

Banned segregation and discrimination in public places

Voting Rights Act 1965

Protected voting rights for minorities

Economic Opportunity Act 1964

Created programs to fight poverty

24th Amendment 1964, 1966

Ended the poll tax in federal elections

Immigration Act 1965

Ended quotas based on nationality; increased diversity

Fair Housing Act 1968

Banned discrimination in housing

25th Amendment 1967

Set presidential succession rules

New frontier 1960

JFK´s agenda for progress and innovation

Flexible Response 1960

JFK´s military strategy; more options than just nuclear weapons

Domino Theory 1960

Belief that one country failing to communism would cause others to fall

Port Huron Statement 1962

Call for participatory democracy and student activism

Great Society 1964

LBJ´s plan to end poverty and racism

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1964

Gave LBJ power to escalate Vietnam War

Philadelphia Plan 1967

Required affirmative action in federal jobs

Vietnamization 1968

Nixon´s plan to withdraw U.S. troops from Vietnam

Detente 1969

Relaxing Cold War tensions, especially with the Soviet Union

Affirmative Action

Policies to help groups discriminated against in the past

Operation Rolling Thunder

U.S. bombing campaign in Vietnam

Living Room War

Vietnam War was televised; changed public perception

Black Power

Movement for Black pride and self-sufficiency

Grassroots

Movements started by ordinary people rather than leaders

SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; led sit-ins and protests

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference; led by MLK, promoted nonviolent protests

CORE

Congress of Racial Equality; organized Freedom Rides

SDS

Students for a Democratic Society; student activism, antiwar movement

NOW

National Organization for Women; fought for women´s equality

Vietcong

Communist fighters in South Vietnam

ARVN

Army of the Republic of Vietnam, South Vietnamese army

NVA

North Vietnamese Army; fought against U.S. and South Vietnam

Counterculture

Movement rejecting mainstream values; included hippies

Hippies

Youth embracing peace, love, and alternative lifestyles

Miss America Contest

Target of feminist protests for sexism

Freedom Riders

Activists who rode buses to protest segregation

Black Panthers

Militant civil rights group; advocated self-defense and community programs

Hawks and Doves

Nicknames for those supporting (hawks) and opposing (doves) Vietnam War.

National Farm Workers Association

Founded by Chavez and Huerta; fought for farm workers´ rights

Mattachine Society

Early gay rights organization

Daughter of Bilitis

First lesbian civil rights group

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Challenged segregationist Democrats

American Indian Movement

Fought for Native American rights

Young Americans for Freedom

Conservative youth group

John Birch Society

Conservative group; anti-communist

Redstockings

Radical feminist group

Gideon v. Wainwright 1963

Guaranteed right to a lawyer for those who can´t afford one

Griswold v. Connecticut 1965

Established right to privacy; birth control legal for married couples

Miranda v. Arizona 1966

Police must inform suspects of their rights

Tinker v. Des Moines 1969

Protected students´ free speech in schools