Reproductive Systems

Penis

Pen/i

Penis

Phall/i

Testicle

Orch/o, orchid/o

Testicle

Test/i

Spermatozoa

Sperm/o, spermat/o

Male

Andr/o

Glans penis

Balan/o

Head

Glans penis

Hernia

-cele

Epididymis

A coiled tube located on the back of each testicle, responsible for storing and transporting sperm

Few

Olig/o

Prostate

Prostat/o

Varicose veins

Varic/o

Sexual intercourse

Venere/o

Androgen replacement therapy

ART

Androgen replacement therapy

Used to treat conditions related to testosterone loss, such as male hypogonadism

Andrologist

A physician who specializes in the treatment of conditions affecting male fertility and sexuality

Azoosperma

The absence of sperm in the semen

Balanitis

An inflammation of the head of the penis that is usually caused by poor hygiene in men who have not been circumcised

Bilateral orchiectomy

The surgical removal or destruction of both testicles

Bulbourethral glands

Located just below the prostate gland, produces pre-ejaculate

Pre-ejaculate

Neutralizes the acidity of the urethra to prepare the pathway for sperm during ejaculation

Chancre

A sore caused by syphilis

Chlamydia

The most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease in the U.S., causing white, cloudy discharge, pain during urination, swelling of one or both testicles, and/or pain during sex for women (curable, bacterial)

Cryopreservation

Freezing sperm or eggs for future in vitro fertilization

Cryptorchidism

Undescended testicle

Ejaculatory duct

The structures in the male reproductive system that transport seminal fluid from the vas deferens, through the prostate gland, to the urethra

Epididymitis

A painful inflammation of the epididymis resulting from a bacterial infection

Erectile dysfunction

ED

Erectile dysfunction

The inability to achieve or maintain an erection

Genital herpes

An incurable sexually transmitted disease caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2 viruses that is characterized by painful blisters and sores in the genital area, which may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms

Gonorrhea

GC

Gonorrhea

A curable sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria and characterized by painful urination and discharge

Hematospermia

The presence of blood in the semen

Human immunodeficiency virus

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus

An incurable sexually transmitted disease that damages immune system cells and is transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk

Human papillomavirus

HPV

Human papillomavirus

Causative agent of genital warts

Hydrocele

A typically painless fluid-filled sac in the scrotum that causes swelling

Inguinal hernia

A protrusion of tissue, often part of the small intestine, through a weak portion of the lower abdominal wall, creating a bulge in the groin area

Male hypogonadism

Deficient secretions from the male gonads, resulting in impaired sexual development or erectile dysfunction, depending on the age of onset

Orchiectomy

The surgical removal of one or both testicles

Oligospermia

Low sperm count (<15 million/mL)

Orchiopexy

The repair of cryptorchidism

Perineum

The area between the scrotum and the anus

Peyronie’s disease

PD

Peyronie’s disease

A form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection

Phimosis

The narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis

Priapism

A painful and persistent erection that lasts four hours or more, but is either not caused by sexual excitement or does not go away after sexual excitement has ended

Pubic lice

Small parasites, also known as crabs, that can be transmitted during sexual contact or via bed linens, causing itching in the infected area

Scrotum

The sac-like structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles

Seminal vesicles

Glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells

Seminiferous tubules

Where sperm are formed within the testicle

Sperm count

Testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine volume and the number, shape, size, and motility of sperm

Spermatogenesis

Formation of sperm

Spermatozoa

Sperm cells

Syphilis

• A curable sexually transmitted disease that is caused by bacteria and occurs in stages with symptoms ranging from sores, rashes, and flu-like symptoms to serious health complications if left untreated

• Transmitted through direct contact with a chancre

Testicular torsion

The twisting of the spermatic cord in the testicle, leading to sharp pain in the scrotum

Trichomoniasis

A curable sexually transmitted disease caused by a parasite and often asymptomatic, though foul-smelling discharge, genital itching, and painful urination may occur

Urethral meatus

The external opening of the urethra

Varicocele

A knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum, sometimes leading to infertility or testicular pain but otherwise harmless

Vas deferens

Connect the ejaculatory duct to the epididymis

Vasovasectomy

A procedure performed to attempt to restore fertility in a man who has had a vasectomy

Varicolectomy

The removal of part of an enlarged vein in the scrotum to relieve a varicocele

Venerologist

A physician who specializes in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and infections

Prostate gland

During ejaculation, secretes a thick, alkaline fluid into the semen that aids in sperm motility

Andropause

Male menopause, marked by decreased testosterone levels that can cause low energy, depression, reduced muscle mass, and difficulty sleeping or concentrating

Androgen suppression therapy

A treatment that reduces the levels of androgens in order to stop the hormone from fueling prostate cancer cells

PDE5 inhibitors

Drugs, such as viagra, used to treat erectile dysfunction by causing vasodilation in the penis

Bacterial vaginosis

BV

Bacterial vaginosis

A common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina, characterized by increased vaginal discharge and odor, sometimes with itching and burning

Ovaries

Oorph/o

Ovaries

Ovari/o

Fallopian tubes

Salping/o

Uterus

Hyster/o

Uterus

Metr/o, metri/o

Vagina

Colp/o

Female

Gynec/o

Breast

Mast/o

Menstruation

Men/o

Egg/ovary

Ov/o

Abruptio placentae

A disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

Amenorrhea

An abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more

Cauterization

The destruction of cells through heat, electricity, or chemicals

Cephalic presentation

Crowning, when the baby is coming head first

Cervical dysplasia

The presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix

Cervicitis

An inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by infection, irritation, or allergies

Chorionic villus sampling

CVS

Chorionic villus sampling

The examination of cells retrieved from from the minute, vascular projections on the chorion

Chorion

• The outermost of the four membranes surrounding a developing fetus

• Produced by the embryo, not the mother

• Eventually forms part of the placenta

Coitus

The act of ejaculation of sperm into the vagina

Colostrum

A specialized form of breast milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

Colporrhaphy

The surgical suturing of a tear in the vaginal wall

Colposcopy

The direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix, vagina, and vulva

Conization

The surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix

Corpus luteum

Secretes progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Dysmenorrhea

Period cramps

Eclampsia

A serious condition characterized by seizures and coma that can develop from an uncontrolled preeclampsia

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by new onset high blood pressure and, often, protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy

A dangerous condiiton in which a fertilized egg begins to develop outside the uterus