Reproductive Systems

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198 Terms

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Penis

Pen/i

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Penis

Phall/i

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Testicle

Orch/o, orchid/o

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Testicle

Test/i

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Spermatozoa

Sperm/o, spermat/o

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Male

Andr/o

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Glans penis

Balan/o

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Head

Glans penis

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Hernia

-cele

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Epididymis

A coiled tube located on the back of each testicle, responsible for storing and transporting sperm

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Few

Olig/o

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Prostate

Prostat/o

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Varicose veins

Varic/o

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Sexual intercourse

Venere/o

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Androgen replacement therapy

ART

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Androgen replacement therapy

Used to treat conditions related to testosterone loss, such as male hypogonadism

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Andrologist

A physician who specializes in the treatment of conditions affecting male fertility and sexuality

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Azoosperma

The absence of sperm in the semen

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Balanitis

An inflammation of the head of the penis that is usually caused by poor hygiene in men who have not been circumcised

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Bilateral orchiectomy

The surgical removal or destruction of both testicles

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Bulbourethral glands

Located just below the prostate gland, produces pre-ejaculate

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Pre-ejaculate

Neutralizes the acidity of the urethra to prepare the pathway for sperm during ejaculation

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Chancre

A sore caused by syphilis

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Chlamydia

The most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease in the U.S., causing white, cloudy discharge, pain during urination, swelling of one or both testicles, and/or pain during sex for women (curable, bacterial)

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Cryopreservation

Freezing sperm or eggs for future in vitro fertilization

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Cryptorchidism

Undescended testicle

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Ejaculatory duct

The structures in the male reproductive system that transport seminal fluid from the vas deferens, through the prostate gland, to the urethra

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Epididymitis

A painful inflammation of the epididymis resulting from a bacterial infection

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Erectile dysfunction

ED

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Erectile dysfunction

The inability to achieve or maintain an erection

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Genital herpes

An incurable sexually transmitted disease caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2 viruses that is characterized by painful blisters and sores in the genital area, which may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms

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Gonorrhea

GC

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Gonorrhea

A curable sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria and characterized by painful urination and discharge

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Hematospermia

The presence of blood in the semen

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Human immunodeficiency virus

HIV

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Human immunodeficiency virus

An incurable sexually transmitted disease that damages immune system cells and is transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk

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Human papillomavirus

HPV

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Human papillomavirus

Causative agent of genital warts

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Hydrocele

A typically painless fluid-filled sac in the scrotum that causes swelling

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Inguinal hernia

A protrusion of tissue, often part of the small intestine, through a weak portion of the lower abdominal wall, creating a bulge in the groin area

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Male hypogonadism

Deficient secretions from the male gonads, resulting in impaired sexual development or erectile dysfunction, depending on the age of onset

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Orchiectomy

The surgical removal of one or both testicles

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Oligospermia

Low sperm count (<15 million/mL)

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Orchiopexy

The repair of cryptorchidism

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Perineum

The area between the scrotum and the anus

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Peyronie’s disease

PD

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Peyronie’s disease

A form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection

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Phimosis

The narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis

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Priapism

A painful and persistent erection that lasts four hours or more, but is either not caused by sexual excitement or does not go away after sexual excitement has ended

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Pubic lice

Small parasites, also known as crabs, that can be transmitted during sexual contact or via bed linens, causing itching in the infected area

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Scrotum

The sac-like structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles

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Seminal vesicles

Glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells

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Seminiferous tubules

Where sperm are formed within the testicle

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Sperm count

Testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine volume and the number, shape, size, and motility of sperm

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Spermatogenesis

Formation of sperm

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Spermatozoa

Sperm cells

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Syphilis

  • A curable sexually transmitted disease that is caused by bacteria and occurs in stages with symptoms ranging from sores, rashes, and flu-like symptoms to serious health complications if left untreated

  • Transmitted through direct contact with a chancre

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Testicular torsion

The twisting of the spermatic cord in the testicle, leading to sharp pain in the scrotum

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Trichomoniasis

A curable sexually transmitted disease caused by a parasite and often asymptomatic, though foul-smelling discharge, genital itching, and painful urination may occur

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Urethral meatus

The external opening of the urethra

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Varicocele

A knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum, sometimes leading to infertility or testicular pain but otherwise harmless

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Vas deferens

Connect the ejaculatory duct to the epididymis

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Vasovasectomy

A procedure performed to attempt to restore fertility in a man who has had a vasectomy

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Varicolectomy

The removal of part of an enlarged vein in the scrotum to relieve a varicocele

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Venerologist

A physician who specializes in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and infections

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Prostate gland

During ejaculation, secretes a thick, alkaline fluid into the semen that aids in sperm motility

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Andropause

Male menopause, marked by decreased testosterone levels that can cause low energy, depression, reduced muscle mass, and difficulty sleeping or concentrating

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Androgen suppression therapy

A treatment that reduces the levels of androgens in order to stop the hormone from fueling prostate cancer cells

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PDE5 inhibitors

Drugs, such as viagra, used to treat erectile dysfunction by causing vasodilation in the penis

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Bacterial vaginosis

BV

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Bacterial vaginosis

A common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina, characterized by increased vaginal discharge and odor, sometimes with itching and burning

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Ovaries

Oorph/o

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Ovaries

Ovari/o

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Fallopian tubes

Salping/o

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Uterus

Hyster/o

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Uterus

Metr/o, metri/o

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Vagina

Colp/o

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Female

Gynec/o

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Breast

Mast/o

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Menstruation

Men/o

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Egg/ovary

Ov/o

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Abruptio placentae

A disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

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Amenorrhea

An abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more

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Cauterization

The destruction of cells through heat, electricity, or chemicals

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Cephalic presentation

Crowning, when the baby is coming head first

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Cervical dysplasia

The presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix

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Cervicitis

An inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by infection, irritation, or allergies

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Chorionic villus sampling

CVS

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Chorionic villus sampling

The examination of cells retrieved from from the minute, vascular projections on the chorion

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Chorion

  • The outermost of the four membranes surrounding a developing fetus

  • Produced by the embryo, not the mother

  • Eventually forms part of the placenta

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Coitus

The act of ejaculation of sperm into the vagina

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Colostrum

A specialized form of breast milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

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Colporrhaphy

The surgical suturing of a tear in the vaginal wall

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Colposcopy

The direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix, vagina, and vulva

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Conization

The surgical removal of a cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix

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Corpus luteum

Secretes progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

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Dysmenorrhea

Period cramps

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Eclampsia

A serious condition characterized by seizures and coma that can develop from an uncontrolled preeclampsia

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Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by new onset high blood pressure and, often, protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy

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Ectopic pregnancy

A dangerous condiiton in which a fertilized egg begins to develop outside the uterus