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What is a mutation and what does it lead to?
Permanent, inheritable changes in genetic material
Mutations = changed DNA → changed mRNA → changed tRNA → changed amino acids → changed proteins → changed cells
What are somatic mutations?
Mutations in the body cells
What are germ line mutations?
Mutations in sex cells
What is an insertion mutation?
When an extra nucleotide is inserted into the DNA
Causes a frame shift
What is a deletion mutation?
When a nucleotide is deleted from the DNA
Causes a frame shift
What is a substitution mutation?
When one nucleotide is substituted for another
