Object Oriented Programming Concepts

Flashcards covering the fundamental concepts, frameworks, and benefits of Object-Oriented Programming as presented in the lecture notes.

What is a programming paradigm?

A way to classify programming languages based on their features, including execution model, syntax style, grammar, and how code is grouped with state.

What are the two categories of programming paradigms listed in the notes?

Imperative (Procedural, Object oriented) and Declarative (Functional, Logic, Reactive).

Define Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

A programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects," which consist of data (attributes) and code (methods), focusing on organizing software around data rather than functions and logic.

What is the main aim of Object-Oriented Programming regarding data access?

To bind together data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can access the data except for that specific function.

What purposes do OOP frameworks like Spring, Hibernate, and Struts serve?

They provide collections of code that offer common functionality, structure, and patterns to enhance code reusability, maintainability, and scalability.

What is the purpose of the Hibernate framework?

It is an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework that simplifies database interactions by mapping Java classes to database tables.

How is a Class defined in OOP?

A class consists of data members and member functions that serve as a blueprint; for example, a "Car" class might define properties like having $4$ wheels, a speed limit, and a mileage range.

What is an Object in the context of OOP?

The basic unit of OOP representing real-life entities; for example, a "Dog" is an object with characteristics like breed and behaviors like barking.

What is Data Abstraction?

The practice of providing only essential information to the outside world while hiding the background implementation details.

How is Encapsulation defined?

The wrapping up of data under a single unit, acting as a mechanism that binds code and data while hiding class variables from other classes.

What is Inheritance?

The capability of a class to derive properties and characteristics from another class.

What is Polymorphism?

The ability of a message or entity to be displayed in more than one form, such as a person acting as a father, husband, and employee simultaneously.

What occurs during Dynamic Binding?

The code to be executed in response to a function call is not known until runtime, meaning the association is decided at the time of the call.

What is an Interface in OOP?

A fundamental concept that defines a contract or blueprint for classes, specifying what a class must do (via abstract method signatures) without specifying how to do it.

What are the four key characteristics of Interfaces?

Abstract Methods (signatures only), No State (no instance variables), Contract (implementing classes must provide logic), and Multiple Implementation (a class can implement more than one).

List the primary benefits of using Object-Oriented Programming.

Modularity, Reusability, Productivity, Security, Flexibility, and being easily upgradable and scalable.