Microbiology 2310; 1.1-1.7

Flashcards

Microbiology

Specialized area of biology deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen w/o magnification

Microorganisms/microbes

some people call them germs, viruses, or agents

7 cellular microorganisms will study are;

Bacteria, Archae, Fungi, Prion, viruses, protozoa, helminths

Cellular microorganisms: Living

Bacteria, archaeologists, fungi, and protozoa

Acellular; nonliving microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Medical Microbiology

Deals w/ microbes that cause disease in humans and animals.

Immunology and immunologists

This branch studies complex web of substances and cells produced in response to infection; ex: vaccination, blood testing and allergy

Industrial Microbiology

Uses biotechnology to create gene therapy, amino acids, drugs such as insulin, enzymes, vitamins, bread and beer.

Agricultural Microbiology; Plant Microbiologist

Branch deals w/ microbes and farm animals and crops. Plant specialists focus on plant disease, soil fertility, and nutritional interactions.

Environmental Microbiology

Study effects on earths diverse habitats; saltwater, topsoil, or earths crusts. ulti,

Multiple professions with microbiology

Immunologist, Plant microbiologist, aquatic microbiologist, astrobiology

Eukaryotes

Member of domain of Eukarya has A NUCLEUS found in; plants, animals, fungi, protozoa, and algae, bigger than akaryotes

Akaryotes

A microbe that has NO NUCLEUS

Microbial Involvement

Energy Source; photosynthesis. * before there was no oxygen (anoxygenic photosynthesis) now> we have oxygen! (oxygenic photosynthesis)

Bacteria involvement

Decomposition; bacteria causes conversion of soft tissues within body to liquids and gases. otherwise w/o bacteria + fungi chemicL elements would be locked up. We would drown in our personal wastes.

Theory of Evolution

Label well studied and well established natural phenomenon

Bioremediation

Process of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants ex; water sewage

Malaria

Kills about 450.000 people a year worldwide caused by transmitted mosquitoes

How many Microbes does it take that can cause various disease?

2,000

Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning of math, philosophy, politics and ethics

Name the taxonomic categories from top to bottom; Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Akaryotes

Bacteria, archaea and Viruses have no nucleus therefore its called Akaryotes

Bacteria and Fungi Function w/plants

1.)Protect plants against disease

2.) Assist plants in obtaining nutrients and water

Biotechnology

When humans purposely manipulate microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting

True regards infectious disease trends?

Organisms that are not normally pathogenic are affecting people in greater numbers

Prion composed of:

Protein only; no DNA or RNA and is folded in intricate ways

Human Microbiome

Colletion of microbes that are genetically- modified

Event helped establish science of microbiology?

the development of the microscope

Microbiome

The sum total of all the microbes in a certain environment

Hypothesis

Tentative explanation explanation to account for what has been observed or measured

Tyndall Contribution to field of microbiology

Recognized existence of heat-resistant microbes and endospores

Sterile

Environment or materiall that is completely free of all life forms, including spores and virus particles

Scientist Semmelweis

established connection between infections in th maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Electrons

Subatomic particles that surround the nucleus

Nucleus

Protons and Neutrons makeup the atoms central core

Carbon

Fundamental element of life and as a result of its superior bonding capabilities

The Valence number is the ___

number of electrons in the outermost orbital

Ions

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together

Oxidation

Reaction where an electron is lost

Polar Molecule

Water molecule as negative and positive poles; “Unequal charge distribution*

Water Molecule

• Polar covalent bonds are found between hydrogen and oxygen within a water molecule

• Hydrogen bonds are found between different water molecules

• Electrons are shared between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a molecule of water

Amino Acid Contains:

Carboxyl group, a carbon, amino group and variable R group

All new species originate from (blank) species and they evolve from a (blank) ancestor

Preexisting, common

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria share the same (blank)

Genus

Evolution Principles

-Closely related organisms have similiar features because they evolve from common ancestor

-All new species originate from existing species

Binomial System of nomenclature assigns (blank) names, (blank) to each organism

two; genus and species

In the Nucleus of an atom, the (blank) carries a positive charge and the (blank) has no charge

Proton, neutron

Which are the three domains of the current system of classification

Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya

Electron

A negatively-charged subatomic particle that is distributed around the nucleus of an atom

Atom

Tiny particle that cannot be subdivided into smaller substances without losing its properties

Isotopes

Variant forms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Three domains of current classification system;

-Bacteria

-Archaea

-Eukarya

Element

A unique subatomic particle substance with its own atomic structure and predictable chemical behavior

Chemical Bond is formed

When two or more atoms share, donate, or accept electrons

Valence

Number of electrons in the outermost shell of an element

Molecule

Distinct chemical substances that form when two or more atoms combine

Term nonpolar refers to an (blank) molecule between atoms that have (blank) eletronegativities

Electrically neutral; similar

Cation

Positively charged ion

Anion

negatively charged ion

Neutral molecule formed by covalent bonds between atoms that have same electronegativity is (blank) molecule

Nonpolar

Hydrogren Bond/ Van wee

A weak bond between polar regions on the same or different molecules

A chemical bond in which electrons are transferred completely and not shared between atoms is a (blank) bond

ionic

In a chemical reaction, the moleculesa that enter the reaction are called (blank) and the molecules that are created by the reaction are called (blank)

reactant, product

Solvent

Molecules with ionic bonds are electrically neutral but can produce charged particles when dissolved in a liquid

Most common solvent in natural system

Water

Hydrophobic

Molecules that repel water

Solvent

The medium for dissolving a solute

Molecule that has hydrophobic and hydrophilic is called:

Amphipathic

Recombinant DNA technology

a genetic engineering that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for purpose of creating new products

Bioremediation

Decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes or consortia of microbes

Pathogen

Any agent that causes diseases

Binomial (two-name) System of Nomenclature

Method of assigning a scientific or specific name

Mycoplasmas

lack a cell wall

Recombinant DNA Technology

Genetic engineering that modifies genetic structure of an organism to create novel products; microbes, animals, plants

Pylogeny

Relationship among groups of organisms