Reg 2 Ana Week 4 - Oral cavity and Pharynx

What is the frenulum and how many are there

There's 3 (2 lip ones and 1 on the bottom of the tongue)

-Lip ones connect gingiva and lip

-tongue connects gingiva and tongue

Hard palate is made up of

Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bones

Palatopharyngeal arch connects what

Pharynx to palate (more post than palatoglossal arch)

Palatoglossal arch connects what

Pharynx to tongue (glossus) (more ant than palatopharyngeal arch)

What is included in the palatopharyngeal arch

The uvula

Muscles of soft palate (5)

Levator veli palatini

Tensor veli palatini

Palatoglossus

Palatopharyngeus

Uvular

Levator veli palatini action and what does it separate

A: elevate soft palate

-separates naso and oropharynx

Tensor veli palatini action and what is it lateral to

A: elevation of soft palate and opens paryngeal portion of auditory tube

-lateral to levator veli palatini

Palatoglossus action and what does it connect to

A: elevates roof of tongue and bring right and left arches together when swallowing bolus

-connects to tongue

Palatopharyngeus action and what does it connect to

A: bring right and left arches together when swallowing bolus

-connects to pharyngeal wall next to thyroid cartilage

Uvular muscle action

Shorten and pull uvula up

What is the one soft palate muscle that is not innervated by the pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (MOTOR)

Tensor veli palatini innervated by medial pterygoid nerve

Where does the medial pterygoid nerve branch off of

Trigeminal nerve (V3)

Sensory innervation of soft palate

-greater and lesser palatine nerves

-nasopalatine nerve

-tonsillar branches of glossopharyngeal nerve

Arteries of soft palate (3)

-greater and lesser palatine arteries

-ascending palatine artery

Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal artery

Where does greater and lesser palatine arteries branch off from

Maxillary artery

Where does ascending palatine artery branch off of

Facial artery

Venous drainage of soft palate

Pterygoid venous plexus and pharyngeal venous plexus

What is foramen cecume

Where the thyroid gland originates as a fetus

The sublingual caruncle has an opening of

Submandibular duct

Which tongue papillae has no taste buds, instead what can it do?

Filiform papillae

-can feel texture

Where is foliate papillae located

Only lateral tongue

Where is vallate papillae located

Posterior tongue

Extrinsic muscles of tongue

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

Genioglossus origin and action

O: mental spine of mandible

A: pulls tongue forward

Hyoglossus origin and action

O: greater and lesser horns and body of hyoid bone

A: depress tongue

Styloglossus origin and action

O: styloid process

A: draw tongue up and backwards

Palatoglossus origin and action

O: palatine aponeurosis and inserts on side of tongue

A: brings right and left halves together and brings tongue up

Superior longitudinal muscle of tongue action

Curl tongue up (shorten and brings up)

Vertical and transvere muscle of tongue action

Vertical: flattens and broadens tongue

Transverse: narrows and elongates tongue

Inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue action

Turn tongue apex down

Motor innervation of palatoglossus muscle

Vagus, all other tongue muscles are hypoglossal

Posterior 1/3 tongue sensory innervation

Internal laryngeal and glossopharyngeal nerve (general and special sense)

Anterior 2/3 tongue sensory innervation

Lingual nerve (branch of trigeminal that's general sensory) and chorda tympani (branch of facial that's special sensory)

Where does glossopharyngeal nerve arise from

Medulla of brainstem and goes through a bunch of bullshit until it ends in the posterior 1/3 of tongue (if want to see whole pathway look at page 20 on slides)

List branches of glossopharyngeal (9)

Tympanic plexus

Lessor petrosal nerve

Tympanic branch

Carotid sinus nerve with carotid body

Stylopharyngeus

Tonsilar branches

Lingual branches

Pharyngeal branch

Lingual artery is a anterior branch of.... And supplies what (5)

External carotid artery

-tongue

-palatine tonsil

-sublingual gland

-mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles

-mucosa of floor of mouth

Where is superficial part of submandibular gland located

Submandibular (digastric) triangle of neck

What does deep part of submandibular gland give rise to

Submandibular duct

Sublingual gland size

Smallest of major salivary glands

How many teeth do children have and how many do adults have

20 for children and 32 for adults

Parts of pharynx from sup to deep

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Adenoids

Pharyngeal tonsils located in roof of nasopharynx

Torus tubarius

Medial end of auditory tube cartilage

What runs along torus tubarius

Tubal tonsil (around pharyngeal opening of auditory tube)

Salpingopharyngeal fold

Mucosal fold that runs down from torus tubarius and covers salpingopharyngeal muscle

Congenital choanal atrsia

Narrowing of back of nasal cavity

Tonsil stones aka

Tonsilloliths

Piriform fossa location

Depression inferior to laryngeal inlet and medial to laminal of thyroid cartilage

Where is internal laryngeal nerve located

Under mucosa of piriform fossa

Constrictor muscles of pharynx

Superior middle and inferior constrictors

(PAGE 54 ON WEEK 4 SLIDES FOR ORIGIN AND INSERTION, i just don't want to type them all out)

Longitudinal muscles of pharynx

Stylopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

Salpingopharyngeus

(PAGE 58 ON WEEK 4 SLIDES)

Structures in gap between superior constrictor and base of skull (3)

1. Paryngotympanic tube

2. Levator veli palatini muscle

3. Ascending palatine artery (branch of facial)

Structures in gap of sup and mid constrictors (2)

1. Stylopharyngeus muscle

2. Glossopharyngeal muscle

Structures in gap of mid and inferior constrictors (2)

1. Internal laryngeal nerve

2. Sup laryngeal artery (branch of sup thyroid artery) and vein

Structures in gap inf to inf constrictor (2)

1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

2 Inf laryngeal artery (branch of inf thyroid artery) and vein

Innervation to pharynx

Pharyngeal plexus formed by CN IX, X and sup cervical ganglion

Sensory nerve supply of maxillary nerve (V2)

Mucosa of upper part of nasopharynx and upper part of tonsillar fossa and palatine tonsil

Sensory nerve supply of glossopharyngeal nerve

Pharyngeal mucosa

Sensory nerve supply of vagus nerve

Mucosa around. laryngeal inlet via internal laryngeal nerve supply

Motor nerve supply of pharynx

Vagus nerve via pharyngeal branch

What is the one pharyngeal muscle that is not innervated by vagus nerve

Stylopharyngeus is innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve

What external carotid artery branches supply pharynx (5)

1. Ascending pharyngeal artery

2. Facial artery

3. Maxilla artery

4. Lingual artery

5. Superior thyroid artery