finals history 25

WWI (Date)

1914-1918

Trench Warfare

A combat method characterized by soldiers fighting from deep trenches, used extensively during World War I, leading to stalemates and high casualties.

Types of propaganda

Methods used to influence public opinion during WWI, including posters, films, and speeches.

Totalitarianism

A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life. This often includes centralized control, surveillance, and suppression of dissent.

WWII (Date)

1939-1945

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, marking a significant turning point in WWII.

Battle of Britain

A sustained aerial conflict fought between the British Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe from July to October 1940, aimed at gaining air superiority over the UK.

Midway

A pivotal naval battle in June 1942 during WWII, where the United States Navy decisively defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy, marking a turning point in the Pacific Theater. That was erupted due to the pearl harbor attacks.

Adolf Hitler

The leader of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945, he initiated World War II by invading Poland and was responsible for the Holocaust.

Antisemitism

The prejudice against or hostility towards Jews, often manifesting in discriminatory practices and violent acts.

Munich Conference

An agreement reached in 1938 where Britain and France allowed Nazi Germany to annex part of Czechoslovakia, in hopes of preventing war.

Appeasement

A diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding conflict by making concessions to an aggressor, particularly associated with the actions taken towards Nazi Germany before World War II.

Hiroshima

The first city in Japan targeted by an atomic bomb during World War II on August 6, 1945, leading to massive destruction and loss of life.

Nagasaki

The second city in Japan targeted by an atomic bomb during World War II on August 9, 1945, resulting in significant casualties and devastation, ultimately contributing to Japan's surrender.

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

A military doctrine wherein if two opposing military powers both possess sufficient nuclear weaponry to retaliate, the result would be mutual destruction, preventing any first strike.

Cause of Cold War

The Cold War was a prolonged period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, rooted in ideological differences, post-World War II power struggles, and the threat of nuclear escalation.

Soviet Union

A socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, comprising Russia and several other republics, and was a major player in global politics during the 20th century, particularly during the Cold War.

Truman Doctrine

A U.S. policy established in 1947 to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War, promising military and economic assistance to countries resisting communism.

Iron Curtain

A term used to describe the barrier separating Western countries from the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

Containment

A geopolitical strategy adopted by the United States during the Cold War aimed at preventing the spread of communism beyond its existing borders.

Democracy

A political system in which the government is elected by the people, ensuring individual freedoms and equal representation.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society where the means of production are owned communally, eliminating private property and establishing a system of collective ownership.

Decolonization

The process through which colonies gain independence from colonial powers, resulting in the establishment of sovereign nations.

Define Globalization

The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through trade, communication, and cultural exchange, shaping economies and societies across the globe.

Americanization

The process by which American culture and values are spread globally, influencing lifestyles, practices, and economies in other countries.

Outsourcing

The practice of relocating business processes and jobs to external suppliers, often in different countries, to reduce costs and increase efficiency.

Extreme Poverty

A condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education, and information, often affecting a significant number of people in certain regions.

Economic Growth in China

The significant increase in China's economy over the past few decades, characterized by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and rising living standards.

Define Pandemic/Epidemic/Endemic

A pandemic is a disease outbreak that spreads across multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people worldwide.

An epidemic is a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a specific area or population. It is more localized than a pandemic but still involves a significant spike in infections.

A disease is considered endemic when it is consistently present within a particular geographic area or population, often at a baseline or expected level.

The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)

A devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe in the mid-1300s, causing widespread death and societal unrest. The plague was spread by fleas carried on rodents, leading to massive population decline and profound social and economic changes.

Covid-19

A highly contagious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in late 2019 and spread globally, leading to a pandemic. Symptoms range from mild to severe respiratory illness, and it has had profound impacts on public health, economies, and societies worldwide.

Spanish Flu

A severe influenza pandemic that occurred from 1918 to 1920, caused by an H1N1 virus. It infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide and resulted in approximately 20 to 50 million deaths, characterized by its rapid spread and high mortality, particularly among young adults.

Social Media

Online platforms and websites that enable users to create and share content, connect with others, and engage in social networking.

Algorithm

A set of rules or instructions that are followed to solve a problem or perform a specific task, especially by a computer.

Fake News

False or misleading information presented as news, often with the intent to deceive or manipulate public opinion.

Democracy (principles/sign posts)

Fair elections, protection of civil rights, rule of law, and separation of powers.

Mental Health

A person's condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being. Includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life.

Filter Bubble

The intellectual isolation that can occur when websites use algorithms to selectively assume the information a user would want to see, and then give information to the user according to this assumption.

Polarization

The divergence of political attitudes toward ideological extremes.

Disinformation

False information that is intentionally spread to deceive or mislead.