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what was the homestead act
a law that allowed citizens to claim 160 acres of public land in exchange for living on and improving it
What types of people took advantage of the Homestead Act? Name at least two groups.
The people who mainly took advantage of the homestead act the Exodusters knowing that they couldn’t really get land the really took up on this opportunity because they could actually keep the land without it getting it taken from them it also attracted immigrants because they were coming to a new world that they didn’t really know
when was the homestead act created
May 20, 1862
what was life like for homesteaders
life was pretty hard for them it took lots of hard work and determination
Describe the Indian Wars
Who was on each side?
What was the goal of each side?
Where did they take place?
When did they take place?
The united states government and native American tribes
The main goal for the US was to expand westward into the native American lands
the main idea of the NA was to protect the land from being taken away
In the west of the Untied states
Describe the Battle of Little Bighorn.
Why did it start?
Who was on each side?
Who won?
Was it a permanent victory or a temporary one? Why?
Mainly because of raids and attacking because the white settlers had discovered that there was gold in the black hills and they had tried to force the native Americans of the land so they could get their gold
Mainly the us army and native American tribes mainly the Sioux and Lakota
the native Americans mainly because of the size difference
Temporary because the white people wouldn’t give up and kept going which later on lead to the defeat of the native Americans
Describe the Carlisle Indian School
What was the Carlisle Indian School?
Why was it created?
What was life like for students there?
The school was a boarding school for native American children were they history and culture would be wiped away from them and would be forced to learn these traditions white people had done
It was a place were the main goal was to make native Americans assimilate to the American world by making them speak English and take away their traditional clothing and so on
Life for the students there was mainly harsh and pretty traumatic mainly because if they didn’t follow the rules then they would get beaten and their hair would be cut their clothes they were used to was taken away from them and were even separated from their families
Describe the history of the cattle business
How did the cattle get to America?
Who were the first ranchers?
1500s: the Spanish brought cattle to what is now Texas Spanish colonists began building ranches to raise cattle
Who were the vaqueros? Describe them
Spanish ranchers hired native Mexicans to tend to the livestock
What did cowboys do? What were long drives?
Cowboys are mainly known for their superior roping, horseback riding, and herding skills
and long drives were cattle drives were big herds of cattle would go on for long distances
What percentage of cowboys were Black?
25%
How has the history of Black cowboys been covered up? Why?
mainly because of racism and so many cowboys were enslaved or formally slaves they weren't allowed Black cowboys faced discrimination in towns they passed through and were barred from eating at certain restaurants or staying in certain hotels.
When and where was gold first discovered in the West?
January 24, 1848 Sutter's Mill California
What was life like for a gold prospector during the California Gold Rush?
Most of these miners were overwhelmed by exhaustion, over exposure to the weather, and a poor diet, many got sick or died. Being a miner was an awful life, but for many the chance of making a fortune was worth it
What were boomtowns like?
Violence was common because many people carried guns and a lot of cash. Few boomtowns had police or jails, so citizens took the law into their own hands. Vigilantes captured and punished suspected wrongdoers without holding trials or following legal processes.
How did the government help get railroads built in the 1800s?
July 1, 1862: President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railway Act, authorizing railroad companies to build a railroad across the country
Describe the building of the Transcontinental Railroad
Where were the starting points?
Where was the ending point?
July 1, 1862: President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railway Act, authorizing railroad companies to build a railroad across the country
The railroad would stretch from Council Bluffs, Iowa (near Omaha, Nebraska), to San Francisco, California
The Central Pacific Railroad Company would start in the San Francisco and build east
The Union Pacific Railroad Company started in Iowa and built west
What kinds of people worked on the Transcontinental Railroad?
Irish immigrants, African freemen, Mormons worked on the Transcontinental Railroad
What were some effects of the new railroads?
some of the affects were the distances and how dangerous it was to build across the nation
How was the experience of Chinese railroad workers different from that of white railroad workers?
Worked longer hours than white workers
Paid the same wage or less for more work
Were required to pay for their food, lodging, and tools (white workers got these at no cost)
How did life change for farmers in the 1880s?
What happened was the farmers had to How did life change for farmers in the 1880s much of many crops which had made the value not so valuable so the price value goes down but it hurts the farmer because now they're not making as much money
What was the National Grange? What were its goals?
it is a farmers organization the really focused on helping the farmers social and money conditions due to the money problems most farmers were having
Define “populism”
The main meaning of populism is appealing to the ordinary people and disregarding elites
What kind of jobs did most populists have in the late 1800s?
famers, labors, working class individual
What did the populists of the late 1800s believe and want?
Believed that the government – not private companies – should own railroad and telegraph lines
1896 Election
Who were the parties and candidates?
Who won?
Why was the election significant?
Populist candidate: William
Jennings Bryan Republican candidate:
William McKinley Republican McKinley won in a landslide
BUT It was still important because it showed the power the Populists had, even if they couldn’t win the election
What were the long-term impacts of populism, even after the Populist Party died out?
Even though the Populist Party died out in 1908, they still had a huge effect on America
Early 1900s the U.S. adopted many of the Populists’ ideas:
8-hour workday
Income tax
Secret ballot
Direct election of senators
Greater federal regulation of private industry
