Chapter 3 - The Thirteen Colonies

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America

Virginia Colony

This colony was founded in 1607. First settlement was Jamestown. Charter to stock company/royal. Tobacco was vital to its survival.

Joint-stock Company

A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for trading and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.

Virginia Company

English joint-stock company that received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found the Virginia colony.

Charter

A document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area

Settlement

A small community or village

Chesapeake Bay

Bay on which Jamestown was built

John Smith

English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Economy

A system by which goods and services are made and sold

Pocahontas

a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown

Indentured Servant

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

House of Burgesses

The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first Representative Assembly in colonial America.

Representative

a person who is elected by citizens to speak or act for them

Delegates

A person who is chosen or elected to represent a person or group

Powhatan Tribe

Native Americans tribe living in Virginia at the time Jamestown was created.

William Berkley

Governor of Virginia, who profited from his position and was blamed for a drop in tobacco prices which incited Bacon's Rebellion, after which he was removed from office.

Tobacco

leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion

Nathaniel Bacon

Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia Colony

Traitor

A person who betrays his or her country

Pilgrims

Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom.

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Dissenters

Protestants who differed with the Church of England

Separatists

People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

first written constitution in America

Banished

forced to leave

Roger WIlliams

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island..

Foundation

the basis from which an idea or situation develops

Tax

a required payment to a local, state, or national government

Levied

To create a Tax

Self Governance

government under the control of the people of a political unit rather than by external authority

Metacom

Native American chief who fought against English colonists in the King Philip's War

King Phil'ip's War

Early, bloody conflict between English colonists and Native Americans

Evidence

Facts or information indicating whether a belief true or valid. or supports a particular view

Salem Witch Trial

Several accusations of witchcraft led to trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.

Accusation

a charge or claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Quakers

A form of Protestantism in which the believers were pacifists and would shake at the power of the word of the Lord

Principle

a truth, a rule, or a law

Doctrine

A belief, principle, or teaching; a system of such beliefs or principles.

Alliance

An agreement to work together

Atlantic Ocean

The ocean on the East Coast of the United States

Algonquian Indians

A Native American Tribe who fought against the Iroquois Tribe

Iroquois Confederacy

a group of Native American nations in eastern North America joined together under one general government

Confederacy

An agreement between different groups to defend or support one another

Neutrality

A position of not taking sides in a conflict

Expansion

Extending a country beyond its existing borders

Commerce

the buying and selling of goods

Proprietor

An owner of a store or other business

Tributaries

smaller streams and rivers that flow into a main river

Royal Colonies

Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king's veto power over colonial laws.

James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia

Smuggling

The act of illegally importing or exporting goods

Natural Resources

Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain

Raw Materials

the basic material from which a product is made.

Economic Activities

The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

Describe

Give a detailed account

comprehend

to understand