Course 2 Module 2 Flashcards

Address class system

A system which defines how the global IP address space is split up.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

A protocol used to discover the hardware address of a node with a certain IP address.

ARP table

A list of IP addresses and the MAC addresses associated with them.

ASN (Autonomous System Number)

A number assigned to an individual autonomous system.

Demarcate

To set the boundaries of something.

Demarcation point

Where one network or system ends and another one begins.

Destination network

The column in a routing table that contains a row for each network that the router knows about.

DHCP

A technology that assigns an IP address automatically to a new device.

Dotted decimal notation

A format of using dots to separate numbers in a string, such as in an IP address.

Dynamic IP address

An IP address assigned automatically to a new device through DHCP.

Exterior gateway

Protocols used for the exchange of information between independent autonomous systems.

Flag field

Used to indicate if a datagram is allowed to be fragmented, or if it has already been fragmented.

Fragmentation

The process of taking a single IP datagram and splitting it into several smaller datagrams.

Fragmentation offset field

Contains values used by the receiving end to reassemble a fragmented packet in the correct order.

Header checksum field

A checksum of the contents of the entire IP datagram header.

Header length field

A four-bit field that declares how long the entire header is, typically 20 bytes for IPv4.

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

A non-profit organization that helps manage IP address allocation.

Identification field

A 16-bit number used to group messages together.

Interface

For a router, the port where it connects to a network, handling data exchange.

Interior gateway

Protocols used by routers to share information within a single autonomous system.

IP datagram

A highly structured series of fields that are strictly defined.

IP options field

An optional field used to set special characteristics for datagrams, primarily for testing.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A tool that allows organizations to use one public IP address and many private IP addresses.

Next hop

The IP address of the next router for data directed towards the destination network.

Non-routable address space

Ranges of IPs that cannot be routed to, available for use by anyone.

Padding field

A series of zeros used to ensure the header is the correct total size.

Protocol field

An 8-bit field containing data about the transport layer protocol being used.

Routing protocols

Protocols that routers use to communicate and share information.

Service type field

An 8-bit field specifying details about quality of service (QoS) technologies.

Static IP address

An IP address that must be manually configured on a node.

Subnet mask

32-bit numbers written as four octets of decimal numbers.

Subnetting

The process of dividing a large network into many smaller sub networks or subnets.

Time-To-Live field (TTL)

An 8-bit field indicating how many router hops a datagram can traverse.

Total hops

The total number of devices data passes through from source to destination.

Total length field

A 16-bit field indicating the total length of the attached IP datagram.