Biology 1 Honors - Phtosynthesis

All living things require ___.

Energy

What do organisms use energy for?

Growth, Reproduction, Defense

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Photosynthesis is a/an anabolic/catabolic pathway

Anabolic (build)

Photosynthesis is the process of:

gathering energy from teh sun to create carbohydrates

All energy on Earth ultimately comes from the __.

Sun

Cell Respiration is a/an anabolic/catabolic pathway

Catabolic (break down)

Cell Respiration is the process of:

breaking down sugars into energy for cellular use

The carbon cycle consists of complementary processes of ___ and ___

photosynthesis, cellular respiration

__ produce carbohydrates using the carbon in CO2

Autotrophs

__ obtain energy from foods they consume

Heterotrophs

__ deliver usable “on demand” energy

Energy carriers

Every living cell uses __, which powers almost all activities in the cell.

ATP

If a cell exhausts its ATP supply, it will __.

Die

NADPH, NADH, and FADH2 are __ energy carriers.

Specialist

ADP+P(Phosphate)→ATP is an (endergonic/exergonic) reaction and (stores/releases) energy.

endergonic, stores

ATP→ADP+P(phosphate) is an (endergonic/exergonic) reaction and (stores/releases) energy.

exergonic, releases

In his discovery, ___ concluded that the mass of a tree did not come from the soil.

Van Helmont

In his discovery, ___ concluded that plants must release something that kept the flame of the candle going.

Priestley

In his discovery, ___ concluded that Priestley’s experiment only worked if the plant in the jar is exposed to light

Ingenhousz

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2+6H20→C6H12O6+6O2

The photosynthetic organ of the plant is the __.

Leaf

__ + __ = the mesophyll

Spongy and Palisade

What characteristic of the spongy layer allows for CO2 and O2 to be stored?

Air spaces

What is the outermost cell layer of the leaf?

The Epidermis

What cover the epidermis?

The Cuticle

What is the purpose of the cuticle?

To prevent water loss

__ are openings on the underside of the leaf that allow __ in and __ out.

Stoma/Stomata, CO2, O2

The color of light is determined by the __.

Wavelength

__ are molecules that react with light.

Pigments

__ is a green pigment, meaning it reflects green light and absorbs all other colors.

Chlorophyll

We see colors that are __, not __.

Reflect, absorbed

A __ is a particle of light.

Photon

The two types of chlorophyll are chlorophyll __ and __.

a, b

Carotenes and Xanthophylls are examples of __ pigments.

Accessory

Pigments are contained in the __ membranes.

Thylakoid

Stacks of thylakoids are called __.

Grana

The fluid inside of a thylakoid is called __.

stroma

When a pigment absorbs a photon, one of the pigment’s __ jumps to an energy level farther from the nucleus.

Electrons

In the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll molecules are organized into clusters called __ that collect/gather energy.

photosystems

Redox reactions involve the transfer of __ from one compounds to another. The substance that is __ gains the electron, while the substance that is __ gives away the electrons.

electrons, reduced, oxidized

NADP+ gains high energy electrons to become NADPH and is therefore (reduced/oxidized)

reduced

The light reactions are also known as the light (independent/dependent) reactions.

dependent

The Calvin cycle is also known as the light (independent/dependent) reaction.

independent

Stage 1: The (light reactions/calvin cycle).

light reactions

Stage 2: The (light reactions/calvin cycle).

calvin cycle

In the light reactions, energy from a __ of light excites a __ of chlorophyll A.

photon, electron

A __ molecule is split and electrons from it are used to replace electrons lost in the PS (II/I)

water, II

__ from the water molecule is free and released as waste (byproduct).

oxygen

The electron’s final destination is a molecules of __ , which is then reduced to NADPH.

NADP+

The transmembrane enzyme __ uses the flow of __ ions to attach a phosphate group to an ADP, creating __.

ATP synthase, H+, ATP.

What organelle in the plant cell does photosynthesis take place?

The chloroplast

CO2 from air is taken in through the __ and fixed into organic compounds.

Stomata

The Calvin requires energy from energy carries, such as __ and NADPH.

ATP

__ is the process of turning carbon into sugar

Carbon fixation

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the __ of the chloroplasts.

stroma

The Calvin cycle is used to make __ or other organic molecules.

glucose

What are 3 reactants needed for photosynthesis to occur?

Sunlight, CO2 and H20 (water)

Which products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are used in the light-independent reacitions.

ATP and NADPH

What are the two major overall products of photosynthesis

Glucose and Oxygen

The electron donor for all of photosynthesis is __.

H2O