PLEASE LORD GUIDE ME

indigenous materials

material produced within the resource limitations of a country for use in construction

indigenous materials

vary depending on geographic features and location and climate condition of a region

indigenous materials

these materials in effect become a large influence on the lifestyle and culture of a region’s people overtime with the skills and crafts handed down through generation

review

cement

asbestos

plastics

glass fibers

synthetic raw materials

synthetic and natural

2 types of raw materials

wood

agricultural wastes (sisal, coconut husk, rice hull)

natural raw materials

bamboo

is a natural hierarchical cellular materials which has good mechanical properties, including tensile and flexural strength, along its fiber direction

coconut lumber

when limited access to cement and other concrete aggregates, used as alternative structural members for houses

coco wood

is normally used as concrete forms and scaffoldings of small to medium category builders instead of steel pipes and plates (in the ph)

abaca fibers

are considered the best replacement for glass fibers as a strengthening agent

sawali

woven and split bamboo mats found all over the philippines are used to construct provisional, low-cost housing

sawali

cut, split, hammer and skin the bamboo

cogon

despite its reputation as pesky weed and highly flammable materials, good for durability

cogon

ideal for coastal and island houses

cogon

if paired with a structural design that has gaps to let the home expel hot air, materials can make the interior a lot cooler

concrete with rice husks

can be used as a material with hybrid characteristics between structural lightweight concrete and insulating concrete applicable for low-cost housing

review

paint

defined as a mixture or dispersion of opaque pigments or powders in a liquid or vehicle

4 liters

how many liters for 1 gallon

1 gallon (4 liters)

1 pale of paint is equal to

coatings

include other material that can be considered paint-like in their use as varnishes and inorganic binder

architetyral/trade sales

commonly recognized latex and alkyd paints sold in retail stores

industrial or maintenance

may include anti-corrosive rimers, machinery and industrial enamels and other products that require more specialized application equipment (some trade sales are used in industrial situations)

specialty

are generally very specific in her use application and resistance properties sch as plastic coatings, coil coatings, and resistive coatings

modern classifications of paints

paint

was used for pictorial and decorative purposes i \n the cables of france and space as easily as 15000 bc

natural ores like iron oxide

earliest pigmments of paint

china 6000 bc

who supplemented the earliest pigments (iron oxide/ores) for paint by calcined (fired) mixtures of inorganic compounds and organic pigments

egyptians

by 1500 bc who used dyes such as indigo and madder to make blue and red pigments

linseed oil and zinced xide

zinc oxide

white pigment

primer

“under coat” first coat; improves adhesion (metal, wood, masonry)

finishing coat

final layer for smooth finish (interior/exterior walls)

sanding sealer

filles wood pores (wood panels, furniture)

floor paint

durable for wear (concrete floors)

galvanized iron primer

rust protection for metals (GI sheets, metal gates)

spray paint

smooth application (fixtures, art, machinery)

epoxy paint and enamel paint

used for concrete (floor or wall)

acrylic latex or QDE

USED FOR WOOD

quick drying enamel (QDE)

USED FOR PLYWOOD

ENAMEL PAINT

USED FOR ALUMINUM

ACRYLIC ENAMEL PAINT or QDE

USED FOR GAVLANIZED IRON (GI)

flat latex paint or qde

USED FOR CEILING (GYPSUM BOARD OR PLYWOOD)

latex or qde

used interior walls

acrylic latex or oil based enamel

used for exterior walls

enamel paint or qde

used for doors and windows (wood or metal)

2 coats

primer coats for metal

3 coats

finsihing coats for metal

zinc rich

heat and rustic resistant (bridges, structure steel)

white lead

cheap indoor only (walls and ceilings)

graphite

protects metals (tanks, pieplines)

red lead

thick rust protectrion (steel doors, railings)

micaceous iron oxide

strong barrier layer (industrial steel)

calcium plumbate

for wood and metal joints (window and door frames)

zinc chromate

enhances rust resistance (aircraft, vehicles)

flat

no shine, hides flaws (ceilings, low traffic walls)

satin

low soft shine (bedrooms, offices)

semi-gloss

easy to clean (Kicthens, bathrooms)

gloss

bright and shiny (doors, furnityre)

eggshell

soft, low shine like an eggshell

matt

no shine, smooth finish

gloss

shiny anf rbight

wrinkle/crackle

textured or cracked hook for design

multicolored, flourescent, luminous, iridescent

special effects or colors

acrylic

durbale and water resistant

latex (pva)

water-based, easy to clean

shellac

made from natural resin, glossy

epoxy

tough and chemical resistant

polyurethane

very hard and scratch-resistant

alkyd

oil-based, glossy and durbale

tung/linseed oil

natural oils used for wood

barrier, inhibitive, sacrificial protection

mechanisms of corrosion control by coatings

barrier protection

coating forms a seal over the metal (keeping air and moisture out) - epoxy, polyurethane, alkyd paints in steel structures, pipelines, ships

inhibitive protection

coating contains chemicals that slow down corrosion reactions (paints with zinc chromate, or calcium plumbate) for car bodies, metal windows, roofing systems

sacrificial protection

paint includes a sacrificial metals (eg zinc) that corrodes first, protecting base metal (zinc-rich primer; zinc corrodes instead of steel) bridges, marine structures, industrial steel supports

binders, pigments, solvents, additives

basic components of a paint or coating

binders

also known as resin, polymer, or vehicle

pigments

include the coloring and filling materials

solvents

are the volatile thinners or diluents that evaporate

additive

are materials that are added to modify or improve specific properties related to processing, appearance, or performance

vehicles or binders

glue of paint; help the paint stick and dry

pigments

(color) add color and opacity

titanium dioxide

white pigment

iron oxide

red pigment

resins

(film formers) provide film strength and durability

shellac

natural resin

melamine and fluorocarbon

synthetic resins

additives

(enhancers) dryers and thinners (make paint easier to spread)

natural drying oils

harden by absorbing oxygen

alkyds

most widely used paint vehicle; synthetic resin that are modified with various vegetable oils to produce clear resins that are harder than natural oil

latexes

based on emulsions or various polymers including acrylics, polyvinyl acetate; easy to apply, dry quickly, have no solvent odor, and application tools are easily cleaned

epoxy and epoxy polyester

addition of catalyst to the liquid epoxy just before application

polyurethanes

produce especially abrasion-treatment, fast-hardening coatings

vinyl solutions

solutions of polyvinyl chloride and vinyl esters dry rapidly and are build up by successive, sprayed thin coatings

dryers

are catalysts that hasten the hardening of drying oils

thinners

volatile constituents added to coatings to promote their spreading qualities by reducing viscosity

pigments

may be classified as white and colored or as opaque and extender

opaque pigments

marked different from those of the vehicles (oil or other)

zinc oxide

widely used by itself or in combination with other pigments; color is unaffected by many industrial and chemical atmospheres